defects in genes for survival motor neuron (smn) and neural apoptosis inhibitory proteins (naip) have been reported associated with spinal muscular atrophy (sma). among the genetic defects, deletions in exons 7 and 8 of smn and exons 4 and 5 of naip were found to be most significant. in the current study, 35 unrelated sma patients including 9 patients with type i, 6 with type ii, 20 with type i...

background because il2ra is considered a predisposing factor in the incidence of both type i diabetes and multiple sclerosis (ms), and considering that both are autoimmune diseases, some studies suggest a correlation between type i diabetes and ms. objectives the aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of type i diabetes among people with ms. patients and methods the study subjects comp...

background: type-i diabetes is an autoimmune inflammatory disease in which pancreatic ß-cells are selectively destroyed by infiltrating cells. tnf-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (trail) is a type-ii membrane protein of the tnf superfamily which is expressed in different tissues, including pancreas and lymphocytes. in humans, trail interacts with four membrane receptors. trail-r1 and trail-r2...

introduction: idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (ipf) is a relentlessly progressive and usually fatal lung disease of unknown etiology for which no effective treatments currently exist. in the adults type i and ii pneumocytes, forms components of the alveolar epithelial cells. in this study, we investigated the effect of thalidomide on the alveolar epithelial cells (type i and ii pneumocytes) in th...

spinal muscular atrophy (sma) is an autosomal recessive neuromuscular disorder caused by homozygous deletion of the survival motor neuron gene 1 (smn1) in more than 90% of patients. according to the age of onset and severity of the disease, sma is classified into three groups: type i (severe), type ii (intermediate) and type iii (mild). as reported, the smn2 gene, centromeric copy gene, showed ...

Objective- To determine the effect of collagen type I on hydroxyproline content in Achilles tendon in dogs. Design- Experimental in vivo study. Animals- A total of 12 adult dogs. Procedure- Under general anesthesia and aseptic condition the dorsal surface of right Achilles tendon was exposed and after complete separation of  connective tissue, it was splitted (striking 10 times) in full thic...

Even though neurofibromatosis ( NF) is not a rare neurological disorder, but there is few studies regarding  the relationship between  NF and psychological disorders. A 14 year old girl with NF type 1 associated  with multiple cerebral lesions was admitted in psychiatric ward due to restlessness , hypertalktiveness aggressive behavior, and flight of idea. Psychiatric diagnosis, based on DSM IV ...

abstract introduction: there is limited knowledge available on the metabolism of glucose in the brain, an insulin insensitive organ. insulin receptors hybridize with insulin like growth factor receptor (igf-i) to transduce the signals in different areas of the brain. in this article we aimed at investigating whether the expression of igf-i receptor and igf-i binding proteins (igfbp1) is changed...