Increasing prevalence of chronic liver disease has led to dramatically increased demands on ultrasound for diagnosis, monitoring and surveillance of complications. Targeted ultrasound of the liver provides an efficient and possibly more accurate means of meeting this demand. It uses a matrix to guide the ultrasound examination to address the specific clinical questions commonly asked in this po...

Assessment of hemodynamic status in a shock state remains a challenging issue in Emergency Medicine and Critical Care. As the use of invasive hemodynamic monitoring declines, bedside-focused ultrasound has become a valuable tool in the evaluation and management of patients in shock. No longer a means to simply evaluate organ anatomy, ultrasound has expanded to become a rapid and noninvasive met...

F Introduction Ultrasound monitoring of pregnancy is based on standardised 2D examination of the fetus and associated structures in each trimester of pregnancy. A second-look ultrasound examination is undertaken for diagnostic or prognostic purposes in various circumstances: localisation of a suspected morphological or biometric abnormality found on the screening ultrasound and/or identificatio...

Takayasu's arteritis is a disease that affects large vessels and may cause neurological symptoms either by stenoses/occlusions or embolisms from vessels with an inflammatory process. Transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasound can provide useful information for diagnosis and monitoring during the active phase of the disease. Cerebral embolic signals can be detected by TCD and have been considered a r...