This paper presents a very efficient method for vectorizing and labeling very large raster hypsographic map images. By extending the contour tree (Freeman and Morse, 1967) to a contour graph, open contour lines and carrying contour lines can be handled. The ambiguities of the topological relationships among contour lines are resolved using map structure information, i.e., elevation tags and ind...

When cities develop a rail network – above or under ground – this is usually accompanied by the publication of a metro map. The map is an essential adjunct, produced and provided to commuters to facilitate informed use of the system. It is generally agreed that the exemplar metro map is that of the London Underground, designed by Harry Beck, in 1931. Beck’s design principles have been copied, m...

Contour Advection with Surgery (CAS) is used to simulate turbulent premixed combustion. This paper presents results from calculations of methane/air mixtures and ethylene/air mixtures with equivalence ratios ranging from 0.8 to 1.6 with different turbulence intensities. The positions, thicknesses and half-angles of the turbulent flame zones are compared for each case by plotting contour maps of...

Medical images are noisy images and its processing is a complex one. The boundary detection of aortas in cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (MR) images is difficult. This paper presents a vector image and edge map based boundary detection of aortas in cardiovascular MR images and is implemented using MATLAB. The performance of the edge vector and edge map boundary detection method for detecting ...

The London Underground Diagram (LUD) is a cognitive artifact and a well-known example of representational efficiency, having been copied by urban transportation systems worldwide. Here we describe the design of the LUD as an example of cognitive niche construction happening through iconic meaning of a problem space. We argue that the LUD's meaning is grounded on the offer of opportunities for a...

Module-1 : Computation of gradient directions. Reconstruction of a set of imperfect contour curves which is extracted : Assignment of discrete height to contour curves. from a topographical map is one of the important problems in the field Module-3 : Reconstruction of three-dimensional configurations. of geometrical information processing. This Paper reports a novel 1, order to make our explana...