nowadays, tunneling in urban areas is a common activity for a variety of transportations such as subways, water supply, lifelines andsewers that may require blast operations. the characteristics of stress waves of the blast are quite different from earthquake waves. the blast waves are usually of high frequency content, short duration, equality of amplitudes in horizontal and vertical direction...

The KLOTZ Club is a multi-national group of explosives safety specialists concerned with the safe storage of military ammunition and munitions. One topic of present interest to the KLOTZ Club is the effects of the hazardous environment that would result from an accidental explosion in an underground military munitions storage facility. The necessary placement and/or design of nearby above-groun...

The article covers the problem of determination loads blast wave on aboveground and underground structures. In industrial production, chemical sources explosion occur, for which environment is air. most common typical source solid products (PE) in form a packed charge. explosion, highly compressed heated gaseous are formed volume main parameters shock that determine its effect structure, i.e., ...