A programmed software was developed in order to numerically simulate time variation of temperature field and snow depth around a pipe-in-pile snow-melting system, using meteorological data. The system utilized underground piles as heat exchanger between underground soil and water flowing inside the piles. The water was pumped into heat dissipation pipes embedded beneath pavement surface, on whi...

constructionof underground dams is a practical solution to save groundwater in alluvium watersheds, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions where surface water scarcity is an environmental challenge. considering socio-economic and environmental benefits of underground dams, the accurate locating is the primary consideration for dam construction. the new technologies and methods are a step to...

This paper outlines the basic installation and operation of magnetic inductive flow velocity sensors on large underground cooling water pipelines. Research on the effects of cathodic protection as well as into other factors that might influence the overall performance of the meter is presented in this paper. The experiments were carried out on an immersion type magnetic meter specially used for...

Wireless Underground Sensor Networks (WUSN) constitute one of the promising application areas of the recently developed wireless sensor networking techniques. The main difference between WUSN and the terrestrial wireless sensor networks is the communication medium. The propagation characteristics of electromagnetic (EM) waves in soil and the significant differences between propagation in air pr...

The untreated surface water for drinking and domestic use is an alarming situation to public health especially in prevalence of antibiotics resistant bacteria. This investigation aimed to isolate and identify the antibiotic resistance bacteria in underground water samples in district Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan. The underground water samples were collected from four different places using hand p...