The inclusion of universal quantification and a form of implication in goals in logic programming is considered. These additions provide a logical basis for scoping but they also raise new implementation problems. When universal and existential quantifiers are permitted to appear in mixed order in goals, the devices of logic variables and unification that are employed in solving existential goa...

Background Approximately 90 percent of the world’s population lives in countries with little or no access to cardiac surgery. Initiation of a surgical program results in a large influx of patients, of whom only a small proportion can be selected for surgical intervention. In addition, at times program development goals may conflict with patient care goals. When surgery cannot be provided to all...

Because of its structure and cultural, social and historical conditions, the country of Iran has various ethnic, religious, and racial types. On the other hand, as  an element of large Islamic nation, Iran encounters various complex cultural conditions. The nature and the origin of unity and unification are the common points between these organs at both national and Islamic nation's level. In f...

Abstract This article analyzes South Korea’s unification policies and makes ethical suggestions in light of Christian theological theories war peace. Since 1948, North Korea have repeatedly confronted each other with heavily armed forces. Unification would be considered the achievement Korean people’s endeavour to deter military warfare promote peace between two Koreas. In this regard, it is un...

The expenditures for hospital drugs are continuously increasing, and grow much faster than the global hospital budgets do. This explosive growth is caused mainly by a few so-called 'expensive drugs' of which the oncolytics form the main part. The global budgets should stimulate more effective provision of care ('technical efficiency'), however the room for technical efficiency is decreasing. Ho...

this article analyses the effects of foreign exchange commitment and exchange rate unification policies on iran’s non-oil exports during the last three decades. in addition, the effects of these policies on non-oil exports have empirically been estimated. for this purpose, an export supply model was estimated using the econometrics technique of auto regressive distributed lag (ardl) and reliabl...

The paper presents our preliminary exploration into an organisation ontology for the TOVE enterprise model. The ontology puts forward a number of conceptualizations for modeling organisations: activities, agents, roles, positions, goals, communication, authority, commitment. Its primary focus has been in linking structure and behaviour through the concept of empowerment. Empow’erment is the rig...

The paper presents our preliminary exploration into an organisation ontology for the TOVE enterprise model. The ontology puts forward a number of conceptualizations for modeling organisations: agents, roles, positions, goals, communication, authority, commitment. Its primary focus has been in linking structure and behaviour through the concept of empowerment. Empowerment is the right of an orga...

Current localizationpractices suffer fromanarrowandstaticvisionofculture resulting in usability problems for IT product and design. To address this problem, this article compares user localization efforts of mobile messaging technology in two different cultural contexts with a new methodology of cultural usability. It calls for expanding thescopeof localizationpracticesand linkinguser localizat...

One goal of Artificial Intelligence is to enable the creation of robust, fully autonomous agents that can coexist with us in the real world. Such agents will need to be able to learn, both in order to correct and circumvent their inevitable imperfections, and to keep up with a dynamically changing world. They will also need to be able to interact with one another, whether they share common goal...