a woollen abdominal binder. WVarm baths are useful in relieving spasm. Of drugs, those of the atropine group are of great service, tincture of belladonna or hyoscyamus being commonly employed. One must findl the optimum dose for each case, as individual susceptibility is variable. It is best given before or between meals. Its use may be discontinued at times of well-being, but commencing consti...

OBJECTIVE To review and audit our experience with closed intramedullary interlocking nailing for acute femoral shaft fractures. METHODS All patients admitted to The Aga Khan University Hospital, over the last six years and with a minimum follow-up of twelve months, with acute fractures of the femoral shaft were included in the study. All patients treated for established non-unions and infecti...

BACKGROUND There are many ways to treat aseptic non-union of femoral shaft fractures with reported varied success rate. Amongst all these, Exchange nailing is the simplest and most successful technique for treating aseptic non union of femoral shaft fractures. We have carried out a prospective study in the Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, Ayub Medical College Abbottabad to analyse the role ...

  Abstract   Background: Fractures of the tibia are important for their commonness and controversy in their management. Both conservative and surgical techniques have been introduced in an effort to speed time to :::union::: while minimizing the occurrence of complications. Standard treatment for low-energy tibial shaft fractures includes closed reduction and cast immobilization. The purpose of...

The common problems seen in distal femoral fractures are communition, articular surface involvement, fractures in multiple planes and bone loss in compound fractures. They present a challenge to the surgeon to achieve stable fixation and union. With different methods of internal fixation available, the common complications encountered with distal femoral fractures are malunion, varus collapse, ...

conclusions due to the shorter :union: time, to some extent less complication rate and comparable functional and clinical results, the authors recommend to use the mipo technique in treating the mid-distal humeral shaft fracture. results the median of :union: time was shorter in the mipo group (4 months versus 5 months). the time of surgery and functional outcomes based on the ucla and meps sco...

Background:  Clavicle fractures are common and usually heal without complications. In this study, we evaluated the outcomes of non-operative versus operative management of displaced fractures.   Methods:  In a prospective clinical trial study, sixty-five patients with displaced clavicle mid-shaft fractures were nonrandomly divided in two treatment groups. The first group underwent non-operative...

In paediatric patients with fractures of the distal radius, the consequences of associated ulnar styloid fractures are often underestimated. These may include persisting pain or functional deficits. The aim of the present study was to report the outcome of these fractures using a modified DASH-Score. All children with distal radius fractures treated in a two years period were analysed; only pat...

Background The treatment of distal clavicle fracture is always a challenge, as it is mostly unstable and has higher rate of delayed union, malunion, non-union and associated acromioclavicular arthritis. So the management of these fractures remains controversial. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the functional results of Type 2 distal end clavicle fractures treated with superior anterior...