Let G be a graph with n vertices and suppose that for each vertex v in G, there exists a list of k colors, L(v), such that there is a unique proper coloring for G from this collection of lists, then G is called a uniquely k–list colorable graph. Recently M. Mahdian and E.S. Mahmoodian characterized uniquely 2–list colorable graphs. Here we state some results which will pave the way in character...

A ring R is uniquely (nil) clean in case for any $a in R$ there exists a uniquely idempotent $ein R$ such that $a-e$ is invertible (nilpotent). Let $C =(A V W B)$ be the Morita Context ring. We determine conditions under which the rings $A,B$ are uniquely (nil) clean. Moreover we show that the center of a uniquely (nil) clean ring is uniquely (nil) clean.

Pairs of compact convex sets naturally arise in quasidiierential calculus as the sub-and superdiierentials of the directional derivative of a quasidiierentiable function (see 1]). Since the sub-and superdiierential in a given point are not uniquely determined, minimal representations are of special importance. For the 2-dimensional case, equivalent minimal pairs of compact convex sets are uniqu...

This derivation of (2) is not valid, because this duality applies to inferences and theorems only, not to definitions. In fact, (1) should be treated as an axiom. Accordingly, the duality of Lemma 3.3.1 would not be valid until the dual (2) of (1) is proved independently, as we do below. Our new proof will make use of Proposition 3.3.3, the original proof of which is based on duality. So, we mu...

Answering a recent question posed by Gregori, Morillas and Sapena (“On a class of completable fuzzy metric spaces”, Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 161 (2010), 2193–2205) we present two examples of non strong fuzzy metrics (in the sense of George and Veeramani).

gravity's rainbow is among the “most widely celebrated, unread novels” of american literature and already “a piece of minor folklore.” pynchon's genius manifests itself in his uniquely wide range of subject matter and literary techniques of presentation, narration, and interpretation. gravity's rainbow is a novel based on various sets of parallels, oppositions and double structures. these paral...

We provide an extension of the notion of chain-valued frame introduced by Pultr and Rodabaugh in [Category theoretic aspects of chain-valued frames: parts I and II, Fuzzy Sets and Systems 159 (2008) 501–528 and 529–558] by relaxing the assumption that L be a complete chain. As a result of this investigation we formulate the category L-Frm of L-frames under the weaker assumption that L is a comp...

A defining set (of vertex coloring) of a graph G is a set of vertices S with an assignment of colors to its elements which has a unique completion to a proper coloring of G. We define a minimal defining set to be a defining set which does not properly contain another defining set. If G is a uniquely vertex colorable graph, clearly its minimum defining sets are of size χ(G) − 1. It is shown that...