Introduction: Nowadays radiotherapy plays an important role in cancer treatment. Different radiotherapy techniques improvement emphasizes on using of the precise ، appropriate and useful algorithms. one of these techniques are wedged which is used in radiotherapy to compensate missing tissues and create a uniform dose distribution in tissues. The Siemens Artiste linear accelera...

background: it was intended to investigate the effect of physical wedge (pw) and enhanced dynamic wedges (edw) on contralateral breast dose during primary breast irradiation in radiotherapy treatment, using high energy photon beams. materials and methods: the varian’s clinac dual mode linear accelerator model 2100 c/d and siemen’s primus accelerators were used for radiation doses with 6 mv and ...

If a state is passive for uniformly accelerated observers in n-dimensional (n ≥ 2) anti–de Sitter space–time (i.e. cannot be used by them to operate a perpetuum mobile), they will (a) register a universal value of the Unruh temperature, (b) discover a PCT symmetry, and (c) find that observables in complementary wedge–shaped regions necessarily commute with each other in this state. The stabilit...

We reformulate entanglement wedge reconstruction in the language of operator-algebra quantum error correction with infinite-dimensional physical and code Hilbert spaces. Von Neumann algebras are used to characterize observables a boundary subregion its wedge. Assuming that von associated an complement may both be reconstructed their corresponding subregions, we prove relative entropies measured...

BACKGROUND The aim of the modern radiotherapy is to get a homogenous dose distribution in PTV, which is obtained by using for example physical or dynamic wedges. The using of a physical wedge has provided such isodose distributions but their use resulted in detrimental dosimetric consequences, for example beam hardening effects and practical consequences of filter handling or possible misalignm...