INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 1171 I. MICROSOFT ....................................................................................... 1179 II. ENRON/ANDERSEN ............................................................................ 1192 III. MASTERCARD/VISA ............................................................

The sentencing decisions of trial judges are constrained by statutory limits imposed by legislatures. At the same time, judges in many states face periodic review, often by the electorate. We develop a model in which the effects of these features of a judge’s political landscape on judicial behavior interact. The model yields several intriguing results: First, if legislators care about the prop...

among three branches of government, judiciary has the most important role in protecting of citizens’ rights; therefore upgrade and improvement of this branch is vital to promote human rights. if changes consider international standards and local concerns at the same time, be efficient, if not will be failed. good governance is an international model has localization capability which its default...

This article considers the consequence of incomplete contracts that arise due to difficulties in precisely describing potentially relevant contingencies. Unlike much of the literature, this article concludes that the resulting incompleteness could often be immaterial with respect to economic efficiency. Indeed, attempts to “improve” matters by increasing the accuracy with which the courts deter...

Significant problems of the criminal process are associated with fact that at legislative level, pre-trial proceedings and court in cases regulated same way. The predetermination “accusatory bias” arises from similarity structure current law to its Soviet predecessor. extension uniform principles legal various heterogeneous elements leads emasculation their meaning. It is proposed divide proced...

Background: The legality of the laws and regulations on ethics has always been emphasized on the morality of legal systems and its necessity has been discussed. In Iran, because of other small-scale systems, the law creates and introduces strong rules. The law may not be applicable to the evidence. In fact, the high-level rules have many implications. The purpose of this study is to investigate...

not well distinguishing between question fact and question of law, by lawyers, experts and judges produces unfavorable consequences on civil procedural system, from which substantially, our current judicial system suffers. our judges don't know well their duty to the wrong qualifications made in the pleas; solely being damages, the subject of plea, they rapidly assign the whole case to the...

BACKGROUND The use of different forms of coordination according to situational demands plays a crucial role in teams working in complex environments. This study aimed to describe patterns of coordinative actions (CAs) as they occur during anaesthesia induction and to analyse the influence of two crucial situational factors on these patterns, namely the amount of existing standards and the level...

A nurse who claims her 'excessive pillow plumping' led to an unfair police record has won a landmark court ruling.