unplanned urban development imposes significant pressure on land resources and land use structures and brings about many negative socio-economic and environmental consequences. therefore, comprehensive studies should be applied to support urban land use management in the world and especially in developing countries. in iran, like many other developing countries, urban development is fast and of...

BACKGROUND Many patients with kidney failure "crash" onto dialysis or initiate dialysis in an unplanned fashion. There are varying definitions, but essentially, a patient is labeled as having a crash dialysis start if he or she has little to no care by a nephrologist prior to starting dialysis. A patient is labeled as having an unplanned dialysis start when he or she starts dialysis with a cath...

Form-focused instruction occupies an important position in China’s secondary schools. However, middle school English teaching has been criticized for the sustainability of form-focused instruction. The new Curriculum Standards suggest that grammar should be integrated into communicative activities, but no precise guidance is provided on how to integrate activities. This study investigates teach...

This study investigated the effectiveness of reactive incidental focus on form (FonF) for each learner with regard to different linguistic categories in meaning-oriented EFL classes. To this end, 30 hr of meaningful interactions of upper-intermediate EFL learners were audio-recorded in 2 free discussion classes. Instances of reactive incidental focus-on-form episodes (FFEs), where teachers offe...

BACKGROUND With effective contraceptives available, unplanned pregnancies are preventable and educational interventions have been cited as a promising platform to increase contraceptive use through improving knowledge. However, results from trials of educational interventions have been disappointing. In order to effectively target future interventions, this study aimed to identify risk factors ...

The present study attempted to explore the effectiveness of form-focused-instruction in a context where English is learned as foreign language. In particular, purpose was investigate planned focus-on-form instruction comparison with focus-on-forms acquisition set modal verbs. participants were 8th grade students (n= 37) studying at middle school Denizli. adopted mixed-method research design. qu...

0272-1732/00/$10.00  2000 IEEE The press and the technical community have generated much excitement and speculation about the IA-64 instruction set and the Itanium processor. Intel and HewlettPackard have rolled out (one instruction at a time) the instruction set. Intel is rolling out (one transistor at a time) the Itanium processor and other platform components. This special issue provides th...

Focus on form has received considerable attention as researchers and theorists have enthusiastically embraced an integration of meaning-focused and form-focused instruction in the L2 classroom. Therefore, the present paper is an attempt to delve deeply into elucidating different taxonomies subsumed under the specious polarization of Focus on Form (FoF) and Focus on Forms (FoFs). It then offers ...