A cloud mass flux representation of the vertical turbulent fluxes provides a physical framework for understanding the effects of shallow convection in maintaining the vertical structure of the boundary layer. This approach is based on the assumption that coherent updrafts and downdraft structures are responsible for most of the turbulent transport. Previous evaluations of mass flux parameteriza...

Identification of cloud water phase, such as liquid water or ice water is important for the Earth radiation budget (Brown et al. 1995). Multiparameter radar data, such as LDR (Linear Depolarization Ratio) and ρHV(0) (correlation between both horizontal and vertical polarization with zero time lag) are useful. Meanwhile satelliteborne cloud profiling radar (CloudSAT) can measure Z factor only, a...

A thermal energy storage–updraft gasification device is a type of reactor that should be considered for use in solid waste research can save energy. However, the operating parameters and internal flow field during its operation remain unclear. In this study, numerical model storage–solid based on computational fluid dynamics dense discrete phase (CFD-DDPM) which had almost never been used befor...

An attempt is made to explain the mechanism of a hook-echo formation on the southwestern cdgc of an eastward-moving cumulonimbus cell. The conditions necessary for originating a hook-echo circulation through this proposed mechanism are: significant absolute vorticity within the subcloud layer, intcn,se updraft to bring the low-level moist air into the cloud, and a vertical wind shear which stee...

Hudson et al. [2012, hereafter H12] have lately shown that the standard deviation (σ) of droplet size distributions was inversely related to cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentration at 1% supersaturation (NCCN) for the in situ aircraft measurements collected during the Rain in Cumulus over the Ocean (RICO) project. Using adiabatic parcel model simulations for various values of updraft velo...

The introduction into a mesoscale model of random (in space) variations in roughness length, or random (in space and time) surface perturbations of temperature and friction velocity, produces a measurable, but barely significant, response in the simulated flow dynamics of the lower atmosphere. The perturbations are an attempt to include the effects of sub-grid variability into the ensemble-mean...

TheAdvanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) is used to simulate a tornadic mesovortex with the aim of understanding the associated tornadogenesis processes. The mesovortex was one of two tornadic mesovortices spawned by a mesoscale convective system (MCS) that traversed southwestern and central Oklahoma on 8–9 May 2007. The simulation used 100-m horizontal grid spacing, and is nested within t...

The rapid glaciation of tropical cumulus clouds has been an enigma and has been debated in the literature for over 60 years. Possible mechanisms responsible for the rapid freezing have been postulated, but until now direct evidence has been lacking. Recent high-speed photography of electrostatically suspended supercooled drops in the laboratory has shown that freezing events produce small secon...