This special issue is devoted to new developments in measurement technologies for upstream and downstream bioprocessing [...]

Local scouring in the downstream of hydraulic structures is one of the important issues in river and hydraulic engineering, which involves a lot of costs every year, so the prediction of the rate of scour is important in hydraulic design. Side weirs are the most important of hydraulic structures that are used in passing flow. This study investigate the scouring due to falling jet from side weir...

Most of the issues regarding desertification are always related to soil fertility and water quality [1,2]. Hence United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) seriously globalized the issues of desertification in 1992. The developed and developing including hilly mountainous countries are the conference of the parties and so as Nepal [3]. The catchments in hill and Himalayan reg...

This paper analyzes the effects of specific and ad valorem taxation in an industry with downstream and upstream oligopoly. We find that in the short run, i.e. when the number of firms in both markets is exogenous, the results concerning tax incidence tend to be qualitatively similar to models where the upstream market is perfectly competitive. However, both overand undershifting are more pronou...

The central premise of this paper is that collaboration, and more specifically e-collaboration, plays a major role in achieving a sustainable competitive edge. In particular, we propose here to examine the relative efficiency of electronic collaboration (e-collaboration) tools and to assess the impacts of these tools on the innovativeness and performance of individual firms positioned along an ...

With economies of scale, a vertically integrated firm can lower its upstream cost by supplying downstream competitors. The competitors may strategically choose not to purchase from the integrated firm, unless the latter’s price for the intermediate good is sufficiently lower than those of alternative suppliers. In a simple model of dynamic scale economies through learning by doing, equilibrium ...

Most of the issues regarding desertification are always related to soil fertility and water quality [1,2]. Hence United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) seriously globalized the issues of desertification in 1992. The developed and developing including hilly mountainous countries are the conference of the parties and so as Nepal [3]. The catchments in hill and Himalayan reg...

In this research we model and estimate the effects on productivity downstream from information technology (IT) investments made upstream. Specifically, we examine how one industry’s productivity is affected by the IT capital stock of its suppliers. These supplier-driven IT spillovers occur because, due to competition in the supplying industry, quality benefits from suppliers’ IT investments can...