BRAF inhibitor (BRAFi) treatment enhances antitumor immunity, but is associated with increased intratumoral PD-L1 expression. MEK inhibitors (MEKi) may alter T-cell function; however, recent studies demonstrate preserved T-cell infiltrate during treatment with BRAFi/MEKi. These data have important implications for combining BRAFi/MEKi and checkpoint blockade in the treatment of melanoma.

The effect of fluoxetine on uptake of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) by enteric 5-hydroxytryptaminergic neurones has been analyzed in order to compare further these neurones with 5-HT neurones of the CNS. In addition, the effects of fluoxetine and chlorimipramine on efflux of [3H]-5-HT from the myenteric plexus were also evaluated. Fluoxetine was found to be a competitive inhibitor of 5-HT uptake b...

Zygomycetes fungi are able to produce ethanol, and their biomass may hold a high market value, making them interesting microorganisms from a biorefinery perspective. In the present study, the inhibitor tolerance of the Zygomycetes fungus Rhizopus sp. was evaluated and compared with a flocculating strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The inhibitors furfural, 5hydroxymethylfurfural [HMF], acetic a...

Improvement of insulin resistance by ACE inhibitors has been suggested; however, this mechanism has not been proved. We postulated that activation of the bradykinin-nitric oxide (NO) system by an ACE inhibitor enhances glucose uptake in peripheral tissues by means of an increase in translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), resulting in improvement of insulin resistance. Administration of ...

Phaeochromocytoma PC12 cells treated with nerve growth factor (NGF) differentiate into a neuronal phenotype. Here we compare the uptake of transferrin-bound and non-transferrin-bound iron in NGF-treated (neuronal phenotype) and control (proliferating) PC12 cells. The non-transferrin-bound iron uptake was greater in the NGF-treated cells than in the control, independently of the uptake time, the...

Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) significantly attenuates the increase in skeletal muscle glucose uptake during contraction/exercise, and a greater attenuation is observed in individuals with Type 2 diabetes compared with healthy individuals. Therefore, NO appears to play an important role in mediating muscle glucose uptake during contraction. In this study, we investigated the involve...

Whether Na+ movement through the plasma membrane plays a role in thyroid hormone uptake was investigated in intact rat soleus muscles. After preincubation for 120 min at 37 degrees C in modified Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate containing 140 or 5 mM Na+ plus choline or lithium to maintain osmolarity, muscles were incubated with 50 pM [125I]triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) or [125I]L-thyroxine (T4) for 60 min....

This article presents an overview of preclinical studies and clinical trials of a number of independently derived farnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTIs). Potential targets and biological modes of action of FTIs are discussed, and the results of clinical trials are summarized. The significant efficacy of FTIs as single or combined agents in preclinical studies stands in contrast with only moderat...

Antimonite (SbIII) is transported into plants via aquaglyceroporin channels but it is unknown in As-hyperaccumulator Ptreis vittata (PV). We tested the effects of SbIII analogs (arsenite-AsIII, glycerol, silicic acid-Si, and, glucose), antimonate (SbV) analog (phosphate-P), and aquaglyceroporin transporter inhibitor (silver, Ag) on the uptake of SbIII or SbV by PV gametophytes. PV gametophytes ...

The kinetics of the uptake of the fluid phase marker Lucifer Yellow (LY), and its alteration by wortmannin, an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI-3K), and the PKC modulators: GF 109203 X, an inhibitor, and phorbol ester, an activator was studied in eukaryotic model Paramecium aurelia. Spectrophotometric quantification of LY accumulation was performed in the presence or absence of tr...