it is a serious point to put sustainability into effect with the intention of healthy environment. health, according to the united nation development program (undp) is one of the important indicators which shows development level in each country. health is extremely meaningful and is associated with a great part of urban and regional planning policies as a main aspiration. it also contains many...

Over the past three decades and most recently, information and communications technologies (ICTs) have orchestrated obvious fundamental changes in the way mankind organises himself and does his own things, rendering the world into one digital global village. The greatest casualty in the mist of all these changes is the educational system, because the development, acquisition and dissemination o...

Rapid urbanization on the coast of China has attracted much attention. The objective of this study was to explore the differences in dynamics and related driving forces between urban and rural settlements. Applying the quantitative method, we demonstrate that substantial heterogeneity in settlement growth, landscape pattern metrics, change, land sources and driving forces is exhibited across th...

BACKGROUND Tungiasis, caused by the sand flea Tunga penetrans, is highly prevalent in many resource-poor communities in sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean. Studies on knowledge and treatment practices related to tungiasis in affected populations are virtually nonexistent. To fill this gap, we performed a study in two resource-poor communities in northeast Brazil where this para...

Fresh noma is a severe orofacial necrosis with an astonishingly rapid development. It is seen mainly in malnourished children less than 4 years old from developing countries. Cytokines play a central role in oral mucosal inflammation. We therefore studied the relevance of circulating cytokines to noma, and the key microorganisms associated with the lesion. Nigerian village children with acute n...

BACKGROUND At the turn of the 21st century, India was plagued by significant rural-urban, inter-state and inter-district inequities in health. For example, in 2004, the infant mortality rate (IMR) was 24 points higher in rural areas compared to urban areas. To address these inequities, to strengthen the rural health system (a major determinant of health in itself) and to facilitate action on ot...

The aim of this study is to quantify the actual urbanization activity near the catchment area in the urban area of interest located in the vicinity of the Agriokalamin River area of Kissonerga Village in Paphos District. Remotely sensed data such as aerial photos, Landsat-5/7 TM/ETM+ and Quickbird image data have been used to track the urbanization activity from 1963 to 2008. In-situ GPS measur...

We report the first finding of Lymnaea viatrix south of parallel 41 masculine S, in rural and urban areas from Argentina. Ninety snails were collected during year 2000, from a concrete pond at a Public Square in El Bolsón Village, Río Negro province, and 811 snails in November 1999, and during 2000 from waterbodies within a farm at Cholila locality, Chubut province. Fasciola hepatica infection ...

More and more schools are facing the challenge of preserving local community’s culture while preparing the citizens of the “global village”. In this paper we discuss how communityware can support schools in facing this new challenge. In particular, we describe the experience of a school in Venice, Italy, with the adoption of Campiello, a system supporting the exchange of information among commu...