Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) facilitate a wide range of aquatic applications in various domains. However, the harsh underwater environment poses challenges like low bandwidth, long propagation delay, high bit error rate, high deployment cost, irregular topological structure, etc. Node mobility and the uneven distribution of sensor nodes create void holes in UWSNs. Void hole creat...

Underwater sensor networks are envisioned to enable a broad category of underwater applications such as pollution tracking, offshore exploration, and oil spilling. Such applications require precise location information as otherwise the sensed data might be meaningless. On the other hand, security critical issue as underwater sensor networks are typically deployed in harsh environments. Localiza...

In this paper, we tackle one fundamental problem in Underwater Sensor Networks (UWSNs): robust, scalable and energy efficient routing. UWSNs are significantly different from terrestrial sensor networks in the following aspects: low bandwidth, high latency, node float mobility (resulting in high network dynamics), high error probability, and 3-dimensional space. These new features bring many cha...

This study aims to realize Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), i.e., SDG 9: Industry Innovation and Infrastructure 14: Life below Water, through the improvement of localization estimation accuracy in magneto-inductive underwater wireless sensor networks (MI-UWSNs). The accurate nodes MI communication can effectively be utilized for industrial IoT applications, e.g., gas oil pipeline monitorin...

In underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs), the nodes are sparsely deployed over a large sea area due to their high design cost and manufacturing cost. Opportunistic routing protocols promising forwarding technique for various UWSNs. However, many opportunistic suffer from void problem in sparse scenarios. Hop count-based inherently alleviate this by periodically maintaining topological inf...

As a promising technology in the Internet of Underwater Things, underwater sensor networks (UWSNs) have drawn widespread attention from both academia and industry. However, designing routing protocol for UWSNs is great challenge due to high energy consumption large latency environment. This article proposes Q-learning -based localization-free anypath (QLFR) prolong lifetime as well reduce end-t...

In Underwater Sensor Networks (UWSNs), sensor nodes have limited energy resource and consume a lot of power during message transmission. Since expensive transmitting power consumption is an inevitable feature of underwater acoustic transmission, to extend network operation time, it is desirable for nodes to avoid energy wastage resulting from transmission collisions. Enabling nodes to use multi...

In this paper, we tackle the malicious attacks in Underwater Sensor Networks (UWSNs). Underwater Sensor Networks (UWSNs) consists of variable number of sensors and vehicles that are deployed to perform collaborative monitoring tasks over a given area. In this paper, we use a novel routing protocol, called vector-based forwarding (VBF) protocol, to provide robust, scalable and energy efficient r...

In underwater communication usually localization and time synchronization of nodes are important processes which are treated separately. However in Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) saving energy of nodes is another important factor. To save energy, it is an increasing interest to do these works together. In this paper a new method for combined localization and synchronization for communications...