OBJECTIVE To identify cases of rabies involving vaccinated dogs and cats in the United States. DESIGN Retrospective data review. SAMPLE POPULATION 41 states that reported >or= 1 rabid dog or cat between 1997 and 2001. PROCEDURES States were contacted to request information on numbers of dogs and cats tested for rabies between 1997 and 2001. For animals with a history of rabies vaccination...

In this study in the Islamic Republic of Iran 365 measles cases were evaluated to distinguish between primary infection with measles and reinfection due to secondary vaccine failure. All cases previously confirmed by detection of specific IgM were tested for IgG avidity. A secondary immune response was seen in 18.4% of patients. All unvaccinated patients (16.7%) showed a primary immune response...

In Belgium, children are immunized against measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) in a two-dose schedule at the age of 15 months and 11 years. Despite these recommendations, epidemics of mumps still occur. During an outbreak of mumps in Bruges (Belgium), 105 cases were registered in seven schools (age group 3-12 years). Lower than optimal vaccination coverage, inadequate vaccination schedule and a combina...

It remains challenging to produce decisive vaccines against MUC1, a tumor-associated antigen widely expressed by pancreas, breast and other tumors. Employing clinically relevant mouse models, we ruled out such causes as irreversible T-cell tolerance, inadequate avidity, and failure of T-cells to recognize aberrantly glycosylated tumor MUC1. Instead, every tested MUC1 preparation, even non-glyco...

Vaccines and extended vaccination programs have had an extensive impact on morbidity and mortality rates due to infectious diseases. Because of the continuous and extensive use of vaccines in industrialized countries, many infectious diseases such as poliomyelitis, diphtheria and measles have been reduced to near-extinction. However, in recent years, many countries including the United States o...

Failure to achieve high levels of immunity among children contributed to the epidemic of diphtheria that occurred in the Russian Federation during the 1990s. A major factor in this failure was the extensive list of contraindications to vaccination that was in use throughout the countries of the former Soviet Union. In 1980, the Ministry of Health (MOH) of the Soviet Union adopted an extensive l...

BACKGROUND The safety of infant vaccination has been questioned in recent years. In particular it has been suggested that the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccination leads to brain damage manifesting as autism consequent to the development of an "enterocolitis" in the immediate post-vaccination period. AIM To assess if MMR vaccination is associated with subclinical intestinal inflammati...

We revisit here a landmark five-parameter SIR-type model, which is maybe the simplest example where complete picture of all cases, including non-trivial bistability behavior, may be obtained using simple tools. also generalize it by adding essential vaccination and vaccination-induced death parameters, with aim revealing role its possible failure. The main result Theorem 1, describes stability ...

BACKGROUND Many hospital employees shun influenza immunization because they want to avoid adverse reactions. We surveyed hospital employees to elucidate whether the conception of the adverse effects of vaccination stems from correct or misperceived incidence rates of vaccine adverse effects.  METHODS We used an anonymous self-administered paper questionnaire at a tertiary-care university hosp...