A clinical trial was conducted to compare intramuscular (im) with subcutaneous (sc) routes for administration of quadrivalent meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine in 141 adults. Safety assessment showed the im route had reduced erythema (P<.01) and reduced headache on days 1 and 2 (P<.05). Serological testing for serum bactericidal antibody titers against capsular groups A and C did not detect ...

The aim of the study reporfed here was to determine if bifurcated needles or multiple puncture cylinders would prove suitable for administration of measles vaccines. Children 9 to 11 months old in S#o Paula, Brazil, were assigned to receive either BikenCam 70 (5 000 TCl0,dO.S ml) or Edmonsfon-Zagreb (7 000 TCID,,IO.5 ml) measles vaccine intradermally with a bifurcated needle or a multiple punct...

Oral administration of vaccines is simpler and more acceptable than injection via needle and syringe, particularly for infants (Fig. 1) This route is promising for new vaccines in development against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) and Shigella that cause childhood diarrhea with devastating consequences in low-resource countries. However, vaccine antigens and adjuvants given orally need...

OBJECTIVE To determine effect of route of challenge and strain of rabies virus on efficacy of inactivated rabies vaccines in mice. ANIMALS 3,056 mice. PROCEDURE Challenge was performed with fixed and street rabies virus strains by use of footpad and intracerebral routes as well as IM injection into the hip, shoulder, neck, and masseter muscles. Intraperitoneal and IM vaccination was perform...

Recent reports highlight the potential for integrase-defective lentiviral vectors (IDLV) to be developed as vaccines due to their ability to elicit cell-mediated and humoral immune responses after intramuscular administration. Differently from their integrase-competent counterpart, whose utility for vaccine development is limited by the potential for insertional mutagenesis, IDLV possess a muta...

Frequent vaccination failures have occurred in the broiler farms in Eurasian countries during Newcastle disease outbreaks. The disease is enzootic in many countries of the region, especially in southwest Asia. I-2 vaccine has been used successfully in village chickens in many Asian and African countries. Our preliminary study showed good efficacy of the vaccine in broiler chickens. Therefore th...

Perspectives Rabies – a viral zoonosis– is recognized as a priority disease for global and national level control measures. 1–3 Key interventions for rabies control include vaccination for high-risk individuals, surveillance of human cases, post-exposure prophylaxis following animal bites, vaccination and/or culling of the canine population and other animal reservoirs. Despite the known effecti...

BACKGROUND Implementation of yellow fever vaccination is currently hampered by limited supply of vaccine. An alternative route of administration with reduced amounts of vaccine but without loss of vaccine efficacy would boost vaccination programmes. METHODS AND FINDINGS A randomized, controlled, non-inferiority trial was conducted in a Dutch university center between August 2005 and February ...