Photovoltaic solar energy is a renewable form of electricity obtained directly from solar radiation using a semiconductor device called a photovoltaic cell. This article aims to map and identify the main characters and the evolution of the technological challenges presented by the technologies involving photovoltaic solar energy by monitoring patent documents filed between 2003 and 2011. Making...

Among the many interesting topics in the field of Wood Science and Technology is a fascinating story about research and development on drying wood products with high-frequency electric current. Historically, it can be traced back over decades. Heat transfer to and evaporation of moisture from wood may be accomplished with high frequency current depending on its dielectric properties. Because wo...

We report unusual negative thermal expansion and viscoelastic properties in graphene oxide paper. The paper was prepared from aqueous GO dispersions using a simple vacuum evaporation technique. From room temperature to 150 C, this paper-like graphene oxide sheet exhibits a constant negative thermal expansion coefficient of 67 · 10 / C along the in-plane direction. Peculiar hysteresis loops of t...

This tutorial review describes experimental aspects of two techniques for investigating collisions and reactions at the surfaces of liquids in vacuum. These gas-liquid scattering experiments provide insights into the dynamics of interfacial processes while minimizing interference from vapor-phase collisions. We begin with a historical survey and then compare attributes of the microjet and coate...

Techniques of film deposition by co-evaporation, ion-beam assisted mixing, oxygen ion implantation, and thermal annealingwere been combined in a novel way to study processing of erbium-in-silicon thinfilm materials for optoelectronics applications. Structures with erbium concentrations above atomic solubility in silicon and below that of silicide compoundswere prepared by vacuum co-evaporation ...

Regular (nonsingular) space-times are given that describe the formation of a (locally defined) black hole from an initial vacuum region, its quiescence as a static region, and its subsequent evaporation to a vacuum region. The static region is Bardeen-like, supported by finite density and pressures, vanishing rapidly at large radius and behaving as a cosmological constant at small radius. The d...

In the process of desulfurization, will produce a lot of the desulfurization liquid, desulphurization waste liquid containing high concentrations of salt, has the very good use value. If direct emissions will not only damage to the environment, but also wastes resources The reduction of the pollution resulting from desulfurization was studied. Rotary evaporator was employed to simulate vacuum c...

Isotope fractionations associated with high temperature evaporation provide important constraints on the physicochemical processes that affected planetary materials at the birth of the solar system. Previous evaporation experiments have focused on isotopic fractionation of moderately to highly volatile elements. Here, we investigate the isotope fractionation behavior of two highly refractory el...