aims: using the best assessment methods is an important factor in educational development of health students. modified essay questions and multiple choice questions are two prevalent methods of assessing the students. the aim of this study was to compare two methods of modified essay questions and multiple choice questions in occupational health engineering and work laws courses. materials & me...

Argument mining systems for student essays need to be able to reliably identify argument components independently of particular essay topics. Thus in addition to features that model argumentation through topic-independent linguistic indicators such as discourse markers, features that can abstract over lexical signals of particular essay topics might also be helpful to improve performance. Prior...

objective: evaluation and diagnosis are determinants of treatment outcome; therefore, diagnostic tools should be accurate. the purpose of the present research is construction and norm-finding of a rating scale for the diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (adhd). method: a checklist based on behavioral symptoms of adhd from clinical sources was constructed, based on interview wi...

background: in its constitution of 1948, who defined health as “a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity” . in 1994, the agency for health care policy and research published clinical practice guidelines recommending providers to routinely evaluate patients’ hrqol (health related quality of life) and use their assessment to ...

This article discusses two meta-analyses on randomized response technique (RRT) studies, the first on 6 individual validation studies and the second on 32 comparative studies. The meta-analyses focus on the performance of RRTs compared to conventional question-and-answer methods. The authors use the percentage of incorrect answers as effect size for the individual validation studies and the sta...

objective: the forgivingness questionnaire has been designed to assessforgivingness in a variety of cultural contexts. this questionnaire was based on common western conceptualizations of forgiveness. in western communities, when one is the victim of an intentional offense, a feeling of resentment seems logical. the intensity and duration of this feeling of resentment usually depends on the cir...

objective: to develop 'moral distress questionnaire' and validate it in a sample of iranian registered nurses. method: 26 registered nurses and 10 professionals attended focused group discussion (fgd) sessions and the acquired qualitative data was analyzed by jameton scale analysis. results: attitudes and definitions of nurses working in private and governmental hospitals of two medical univers...

BACKGROUND Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is usually based on trials where patients are randomized individually into two different, parallel, treatment groups. This paper concentrates on RCTs of a different design-two-period, two-treatment cross-over trials. METHODS The characteristics of these trials are outlined, with detailed examples of methods for analysis for both ...