the fetal origins hypothesis (foh), put forward in the epidemiological literature and later flourished in the economics literature, suggests that the time in utero is a critical period for human development. however, much attention has been paid to the consequences of fetal exposures to more extreme natural shocks, while less is known about fetal exposures to milder but more commonly experience...

modeling dependence structure in financial economics is of paramount importance when estimating portfolio’s value at risk, since risk of an asset in addition to its own behavior is also dependent on the behavior of other assets in the portfolio. application of joint distribution copula is one of the methods for incorporation dependence at lower and upper tail of returns’ distribution in financi...