Abstract: The economic dispatch problem of a virtual power plant (VPP) is becoming non-convex for distributed generators’ characteristics of valve-point loading effects, prohibited operating zones, and multiple fuel options. In this paper, the economic dispatch model of VPP is established and then solved by a distributed randomized gradient-free algorithm. To deal with the non-smooth objective ...

from may 1994 to december 1996 thirty patients received viable fresh aortic homografts. mean age was 55 years (13 to 70), male to female ratio was 2/1, 24 operations were elective whereas 6 were semiurgent. predominant lesions were aortic stenosis or regurgitation in lb patients, aortic valve endocarditis in 10, prosthetic valve dysfunction in 3, and aortic root pathology in one patient. from t...

Decellularized allografts offer potential as heart valve substitutes and scaffolds for cell seeding. The effects of decellularization on the quasi-static and time-dependent mechanical behavior of the pulmonary valve leaflet under biaxial loading conditions have not previously been reported in the literature. In the current study, the stress-strain, relaxation and creep behaviors of the ovine pu...

The essential objective of optimal power flow is to find a stable operating point which minimizes the cost production generators and its losses, keeps system acceptable in terms limits on active reactive powers generators. In this paper, we propose nature-inspired Cuckoo search algorithm (CSA) solve economic/emission dispatch problems with incorporation FACTS devices under valve-point loading e...

Threshold loading is a method of incrementally loading the inspiratory muscles, which requires development of an adjustable threshold pressure (Pth) before air will flow. In the ideal device, flow is independent of pressure once Pth is exceeded. A "weighted plunger" apparatus is commonly used, but devices described previously perform unreliably at high inspiratory load. We have modified this ap...

PURPOSE The goal of this study is to model changes in fibre content in aortic valve leaflet material due to mechanical stimuli. METHODS The fibre remodelling process is associated with the redistribution of the internal forces acting in the shell. The process is characterized by the occurrence of extreme stresses and strains. The load distribution function is asymmetrical. The optimization pr...

The purpose of this study is to get fundamental knowledge of the valve impact stress by clarifying wave propagation mechanism in two bars which are simulated to a valve seat or valve stop and a valve. Axially uniform stress in finite cylindrical elastic bars subjected to velocity-impact loading is considered on the bases of elementary equations of energy. A technique is developed for measuring ...

Economic load dispatch (ELD) is an important optimization task in power system. It is the process of allocating generation among the committed units such that the constraints imposed are satisfied and the energy requirements are minimized. There are three criteria in solving the economic load dispatch problem. They are minimizing the total generator operating cost, total emission cost and sched...

experiments were carried out to observe the influence of loading type on concrete beam specimens. beam specimens made of similar concrete mixture with the same geometry were tested under three point static loading and low velocity drop weight impact loading. load – displacement behavior, absorbed energy dissipation capacity, stiffnesses, failure modes of beam specimens were obtained and discuss...