Worldwide koi herpesvirus (KHV) causes high mortalities in Cyprinus carpio L. aquaculture. So far, it is unknown how the different variants of KHV have developed and how they spread in the fish, but also in the environmental water bodies. Therefore, a phylogenetic method based on variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) was improved to gain deeper insights into the phylogeny of KHV and its poss...

Background & Aims: Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough, continues to infect human hosts even in those populations where infants and children are routinely vaccinated. Causes of pertussis epidemiology are not fully identified unless strains of the pathogen are characterized by molecular means. Golbally, Multi Locus Variable Number of Tandem Repeats analysis (MLVA) has pro...

The genomic content of Enterobacter sakazakii strain ATCC BAA-894 was analyzed for variable-number tandem repeats (VNTRs). In this study we report the development of a multiple-locus VNTR analysis (MLVA) strategy for the subtyping of E. sakazakii. The method is based on a GeneScan analysis of four VNTR loci labeled with multiple fluorescent dyes. This approach was applied to a collection of 112...

Nicotine addiction, related to cigarette smoking, develops as a product of the complex interactions between social, environmental and genetic factors. Genes encoding the components of the dopaminergic system are thought to be associated with smoking. Literature data showed not only an association, but also a lack of association between variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) polymorphism locat...

Traditional sequence comparison by alignment applies a mutation model comprising two events, substitutions and indels (insertions or deletions) of single positions (SI). However, modern genetic analysis knows a variety of more complex mutation events (e.g., duplications, excisions and rearrangements), especially regarding DNA. With the ever more DNA sequence data becoming available, the need to...

BACKGROUND Flavobacterium psychrophilum causes serious fish diseases such RTFS and BCWD, affecting the aquaculture industry worldwide. Commercial vaccines are not available and control of the disease depends on the use of antibiotics. Reliable methods for detection and identification of different isolates of this bacterium could play an important role in the development of good management strat...

Hugo: HIC1 Other names: ZBTB29 Location: 17p13.3. Local order: Close to the D17S5/D17S30/YNZ22 micro satellite marker which is a highly polymorphic variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) marker. Aberrant hypermethylation in tumours of a cluster of methylation-sensitive NotI restriction sites surrounding this marker allowed the positional cloning of HIC1 in 1995. Telomere, OVCA1/DPH2L1, OVCA2,...

Various genetic markers have been exploited for fingerprinting the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) in molecular epidemiological studies, mainly through identifying restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP). In large-scale studies, RFLP typing has practical processing and analysis limitations; therefore, attempts have been made to move towards PCR-based typing techniques. Spolig...

background: cytokines are cell signaling molecules which upon release by cells facilitate the recruitment of immune-modulatory cells towards the sites of inflammation. genetic variations in cytokine genes are shown to regulate their production and affect the risk of infectious as well as autoimmune diseases. intron-3 of interleukin-4 gene (il-4) harbors 70-bp variable number of tandem repeats (...