Three fundamental concepts of science and statistics are entities, variables (which are formal representations of properties of entities), and relationships between variables. These concepts help to distinguish between two uses of the statistical tests in analysis of variance (ANOVA), namely • to test for relationships between the response variable and the predictor variables in an experiment •...

74 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) comparing means of more than two groups Mean values obtaine...

1. Introduction In many agricultural experiments, generally the data on more than one character is observed. One common example is grain yield and straw yield. The other characters on which the data is generally observed are the plant height, number of green leaves, germination count, etc. The analysis is normally done only on the grain yield and the best treatment is identified on the basis of...

Constraints arise naturally in many scientific experiments/studies such as in, epidemiology, biology, toxicology, etc. and often researchers ignore such information when analyzing their data and use standard methods such as the analysis of variance (ANOVA). Such methods may not only result in a loss of power and efficiency in costs of experimentation but also may result poor interpretation of t...