This study has concerned itself with the comparative efficiency of instructions, elicitations, and reinforcements in the manipulation of affective verbal behavior. Bandura has suggested that simple instructions to emit a verbal operant would be superior to the usual reinforcement contingency procedure in increasing verbal response rate. The results indicate that the instruction groups achieved ...

abstract background: workplace bullying is a significant issue confronting the nursing profession both in iran and internationally. this study examined workplace bullying among a group of iranian nurses. materials and methods: the prevalence rate of bullying behavior among nurses was determined. data were collected from 162 nurses who worked in four hospitals located in west azerbaijan province...

The present research examined whether a communicator's verbal, implicit message regarding a target is used as a cue for inferring that communicator's social identity. Previous research has found linguistic intergroup bias (LIB) in individuals' speech: They use abstract language to describe in-group targets' desirable behaviors and concrete language to describe their undesirable behaviors (favor...

OBJECTIVE We tested the hypothesis that pain threat appraisal and catastrophizing by children with functional abdominal pain (FAP) will moderate the relation between parent verbal behavior and children's symptom complaints following experimentally induced visceral discomfort. METHODS Thirty-three pediatric patients with FAP and their parents participated. Children completed measures of pain t...

Amid the novel terms and original analyses in Skinner's Verbal Behavior, the importance of his discussion of multiple control is easily missed, but multiple control of verbal responses is the rule rather than the exception. In this paper we summarize and illustrate Skinner's analysis of multiple control and introduce the terms convergent multiple control and divergent multiple control. We point...

In writing Verbal Behavior, B. F. Skinner (1957) made clear his intention not to review the extant literature on the subject matter (Skinner, 1979, p. 282). Nonetheless, he did formally and informally cite many scientific, philosophical, and literary books and articles throughout his text. The formal citations appear as references in footnotes at the bottoms of pages, but are not found in any r...

The verbal behavior literature, in the pages of this journal and elsewhere, includes both data-based research on verbal behavior and talk about verbal behavior. Acknowledging that we have ourselves occasionally contributed to the imbalance, we nevertheless believe that there should be more of the former and less of the latter. For example, we once submitted a chapter to a book about verbally go...