An equitable (t, k, d)-tree-coloring of a graph G is a coloring to vertices of G such that the sizes of any two color classes differ by at most one and the subgraph induced by each color class is a forest of maximum degree at most k and diameter at most d. The minimum t such that G has an equitable (t′, k, d)-tree-coloring for every t′ ≥ t is called the strong equitable (k, d)-vertex-arboricity...

Let $A$ be an abelian group. A graph $G=(V,E)$ is said to be $A$-barycentric-magic if there exists a labeling $l:E(G)longrightarrow Asetminuslbrace{0}rbrace$ such that the induced vertex set labeling $l^{+}:V(G)longrightarrow A$ defined by $l^{+}(v)=sum_{uvin E(G)}l(uv)$ is a constant map and also satisfies that $l^{+}(v)=deg(v)l(u_{v}v)$ for all $v in V$, and for some vertex $u_{v}$ adjacent t...

Let G be a (p,q) graph. An injective map f : E(G) → {±1,±2,...,±q} is said to be an edge pair sum labeling if the induced vertex function f*: V (G) → Z - {0} defined by f*(v) = ΣP∈Ev f (e) is one-one where Ev denotes the set of edges in G that are incident with a vertex v and f*(V (G)) is either of the form {±k1,±k2,...,±kp/2} or {±k1,±k2,...,±k(p-1)/2} U {±k(p+1)/2} according as p is even or o...

let g be a (p,q) graph. an injective map f : e(g) → {±1,±2,...,±q} is said to be an edge pair sum labeling if the induced vertex function f*: v (g) → z - {0} defi ned by f*(v) = σp∈ev f (e) is one-one where ev denotes the set of edges in g that are incident with a vertex v and f*(v (g)) is either of the form {±k1,±k2,...,±kp/2} or {±k1,±k2,...,±k(p-1)/2} u {±k(p+1)/2} according a...

A vertex irregular total k-labeling of a graph G with vertex set V and edge set E is an assignment of positive integer labels {1, 2, ..., k} to both vertices and edges so that the weights calculated at vertices are distinct. The total vertex irregularity strength of G, denoted by tvs(G)is the minimum value of the largest label k over all such irregular assignment. In this paper, we study the to...

An L(2, 1)-labeling of a graph G is equitable if the number of elements in any two color classes differ by at most one. The equitable L(2, 1)-labeling number λe(G) of G is the smallest integer k such that G has an equitable L(2, 1)-labeling. Sierpiński graphs S(n, k) generalize the Tower of Hanoi graphs—the graph S(n, 3) is isomorphic to the graph of the Tower of Hanoi with n disks. In this pap...

let g=(v,e) be a simple graph. an edge labeling f:e to {0,1} induces a vertex labeling f^+:v to z_2 defined by $f^+(v)equiv sumlimits_{uvin e} f(uv)pmod{2}$ for each $v in v$, where z_2={0,1} is the additive group of order 2. for $iin{0,1}$, let e_f(i)=|f^{-1}(i)| and v_f(i)=|(f^+)^{-1}(i)|. a labeling f is called edge-friendly if $|e_f(1)-e_f(0)|le 1$. i_f(g)=v_f(1)-v_f(0) is called the edge-f...

Given lists of available colors assigned to the vertices of a graph G, a list coloring is a proper coloring of G such that the color on each vertex is chosen from its list. If the lists all have size k, then a list coloring is equitable if each color appears on at most dn(G )/ke vertices. A graph is equitably k-choosable if such a coloring exists whenever the lists all have size k. We prove tha...

Let H be a k-uniform hypergraph with n vertices. A strong r-coloring is a partition of the vertices into r parts, such that each edge of H intersects each part. A strong r-coloring is called equitable if the size of each part is dn/re or bn/rc. We prove that for all a ≥ 1, if the maximum degree of H satisfies ∆(H) ≤ k then H has an equitable coloring with k a ln k (1 − ok(1)) parts. In particul...

let $a$ be a non-trivial abelian group and $a^{*}=asetminus {0}$. a graph $g$ is said to be $a$-magic graph if there exists a labeling$l:e(g)rightarrow a^{*}$ such that the induced vertex labeling$l^{+}:v(g)rightarrow a$, define by $$l^+(v)=sum_{uvin e(g)} l(uv)$$ is a constant map.the set of all constant integerssuch that $sum_{uin n(v)} l(uv)=c$, for each $vin n(v)$,where $n(v)$ denotes the s...