This paper is part of a study of gaze control for a two-eyed robot head. The kinematics of the head and eye movement planning for the subcontrols loosely corresponding to saccade, pursuit, VOR(vestibulo-ocular reflex), OKR(optokinetic reflex), and vergence are presented.

Ocular motor tests performed on 14 patients with idiopathic spasmodic torticollis were normal. The vestibulo-ocular reflex tested in eight patients showed a significant high level in seven. It is suggested that this phenomenon is secondary rather than the cause of spasmodic torticollis.

Ocular motor apraxia has been reported in bilateral frontoparietal lesions. We report a case of ocular motor apraxia after bilateral striatal infarctions. The patient had impaired voluntary saccades and smooth pursuits in the vertical and horizontal planes with an intact vestibulo-ocular reflex. Magnetic resonance imaging showed an old left putaminal infarction and an acute infarction in the ri...

Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) has been reported as a disorder mainly characterized by tendency to fall, vertical gaze palsy, and constriction of the body axis, akinesia, cognitive impairment. Patients presenting with these typical clinical features are diagnosed having PSP-Richardson syndrome (PSP-RS). Electronystagmography (ENG) is useful for detection ocular motility disorder, which ma...

H-reflex recovery curves studied in 57 normal volunteers could be divided into three groups: one with sinusoidal properties having one or more periods, one having primarily linear or exponential properties, and a third, indeterminate group.

Alexander's Law states that the slow-phase velocity of the nystagmus caused by unilateral vestibular lesion increases with gaze in the beat direction. Two studies have shown that this gaze effect is generalized to the nystagmus caused by unilateral cold water irrigation. This indicates that the gaze effect is not the result of central changes associated with a peripheral lesion but rather becau...