Sternutatio (sneeze) is a poorly understood polysynaptic physiologic reflex phenomenon; even less are some variations of the such as photic sneeze (photo-sternutatory reflex), sneezing induced by bright light, overeating, plucking eyebrows (palpebro-sternutatory reflex) and paroxysmal sneezing, episodes intractable sneezing. The present contribution reviews various aspects patho-physiology its ...

in endodontics, severe involuntary gagging can have a severe impact on treatment procedure. there are many ways to ease the gag reflex, one of which is hypnosis. a 34-year-old male was referred for root canal treatment of a molar tooth. he had not received any dental treatments for the past nine years due to fear of severe gag reflex. three hypnotic sessions based upon eye fixation, progressive...

introduction: effect of tripolar tens of vertebral column on slow and fast motoneurons (mns) activity of soleus muscle was previously investigated. in this study for better differentiation of the behavior of slow and fast mns, we exploited h-reflex recovery curve recording in two muscles of soleus and lateral gastrocnemius, respectively as the representatives of slow and fast muscles. methods: ...

Background & Objective:  The blink reflex recovery cycle indicates the excitability of interneurons in the brainstem. In this study, we aimed to investigate the blink reflex and R2 recovery cycle in patients with benign essential blepharospasm (BEB).  Materials & Methods:  This prospective case-control study compared the blink reflex and R2 recovery in 18 BEB patients with 18 age- and gender-m...

Introduction: Effect of tripolar TENS of vertebral column on slow and fast motoneurons (MNs) activity of soleus muscle was previously investigated. In this study for better differentiation of the behavior of slow and fast MNs, we exploited H-reflex recovery curve recording in two muscles of soleus and lateral gastrocnemius, respectively as the representatives of slow and fast muscles. Meth...

conclusions the results suggest no significant relationship between the severity of injury and risk of rsd occurrence, although the mean injury severity score was higher in patients with rsd than in those without rsd in this study population. the lower score of local circulation in patients with rsd than in those without rsd is a statistically significant finding and can be attributed to change...

This article presents a case study of conceptualization misophonia as conditioned aversive reflex disorder consisting physical (e.g., muscle) elicited by the misophonic trigger stimulus and subsequent emotional, physiological, behavioral responses. describes successful treatment middle-aged woman who was disabled severe misophonia. The included identifying initial reflex, progressive muscle rel...

background: this study was conducted to evaluate variations in heart rate and to determine the occurrence of oculocardiac reflex (ocr) during laser in situ keratomileusis (lasik). methods: this descriptive, prospective study was designed to observe the effect of suction ring and ablation stages during lasik procedure on the heart rate. the ecg was taken before and during lasik operation on the ...