Alcohol consumption often leads to elevated rates of violence yet alcohol access policies continue to relax across the globe. Our review establishes the extent alcohol policy can moderate violent crime through alcohol availability restrictions. Results were informed from comprehensive selection of peer-reviewed journals from 1950 to October 2015. Our search identified 87 relevant studies on alc...

Thieves, Thugs, and Neighborhood Poverty This paper develops a model of crime analyzing how such behavior is associated with individual and neighborhood poverty. The model shows that even under relatively minimal assumptions, a connection between individual poverty and both property and violent crimes will arise, and moreover, “neighborhood” effects can develop, but will differ substantially in...

The intergenerational transmission of violence hypothesis has been stated in four general ways: “abuse breeds abuse,” “abuse breeds crime,” “abuse breeds violent crime,” and “abuse breeds a life of crime.” Scholars have disagreed as to whether abuse is a dichotomous concept or notthat is, abuse or no abuse. Some researchers have suggested that abuse is on a continuum of severity and frequency o...

PURPOSE Evaluate the relationship between neighborhood crime and the amount of daily walking by minority adults. DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study of minority adult walking behavior and crime. Setting. Oakland, California was chosen as the study area because of the substantial spatial variation in levels of criminal activity combined with detailed information on walking trips. PARTICI...

Tonic immobility is an involuntary, last-ditch defensive reaction characterized by physical inactivity in a context of inescapable threat that has been described in many species, including humans. The occurrence of this defensive response is a predictor of the severity of psychiatric disorders and may be considered as an index of an intense reaction to a traumatic event. Here, we investigated w...

OBJECTIVE To examine the prevalence, correlates and motivations for the commission of property and violent crime amongst a sample of people who inject drugs (PWID). METHOD Data were obtained from the 2013 Illicit Drug Reporting System (IDRS), which includes a cross-sectional sample of 887 PWID. RESULTS Eighteen percent of PWID had committed a property offence and 3% had committed a violent ...

Violent youth crime generates significant media and public attention, particularly “gang”, or group, related crime and gun and knife crime. When young women are involved in violence, as perpetrators or instigators, this receives disproportionate coverage, drawing on a discourse of girls being “just as bad as the boys” (Burman et al.:2003, Miller:2001). Alongside this interest in girls’ particip...

OBJECTIVE Examine the effectiveness of a robbery and violence prevention program in small businesses in Los Angeles. METHODS Gas/convenience, liquor and grocery stores, bars/restaurants, and motels were enrolled between 1997 and 2000. Intervention businesses (n = 305) were provided training, program implementation materials, and recommendations for a comprehensive security program. Control bu...

BACKGROUND Epilepsy and traumatic brain injury are common neurological conditions, with general population prevalence estimates around 0.5% and 0.3%, respectively. Although both illnesses are associated with various adverse outcomes, and expert opinion has suggested increased criminality, links with violent behaviour remain uncertain. METHODS AND FINDINGS We combined Swedish population regist...