The combination of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and antiretroviral therapy (ART) represents an emerging strategy in the treatment of patients infected with HIV. Aside from its immunomodulatory role, however, IL-2 may induce replication of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8)/Kaposi sarcoma (KS)-associated herpesvirus. We retrospectively evaluated HHV-8 plasma viremia and cellular load, as well as anti-HHV-8 ant...

OBJECTIVE The early events of human immunodeficiency virus infection seem critical for progression toward disease and antiretroviral therapy initiation. We wanted to clarify some still unknown prognostic relationships between inoculum size and changes in various immunological and virological markers. Feline immunodeficiency virus infection could be a helpful model. METHODS Viremia and T-cell ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Nearly 30% of renal transplant recipients develops BK viremia, a prerequisite for BK nephropathy. Case reports have evaluated treatment options for BK virus, but no controlled studies have assessed prophylactic therapies. Fluoroquinolone antibiotics were studied for prevention of BK viremia after renal transplantation. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS Th...

The transmission of hepatitis C virus from viremic donors to seronegative recipients kidney transplantation is well documented. Pre-transplant administration direct-acting antivirals prevents viremia, but the seroconversion rate high. We studied through transplanted tissue by determining viral RNA in 15 kidneys 8 deceased donors, 5 males and 3 females aged 52.3 ± years. HIV positive active intr...

To the Editor—Controversy exists about whether human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication persists in patients receiving effective antiretroviral therapy. Residual viremia can often be detected in such patients by sensitive quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays, but the source of this viremia is unknown [1]. Possibilities include ongoing cycles of HIV-1 replication, long-li...

BK virus is associated with hemorrhagic cystitis after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), although evidence supporting a causal relationship remains limited. Although BK viruria is common after HSCT, BK viremia may better predict clinically significant cystitis, similar to its predictive value for nephropathy after kidney transplantation. We hypothesized that BK viremia would prece...

Lobucavir (BMS-180194), a cyclobutyl-guanosine nucleoside analogue, effectively reduced WHV-viremia in chronically infected carrier woodchucks (Marmota monax) by daily per os treatment. WHV-viremia in the animals was measured by the serum content of hybridizable WHV-genomic DNA. Lobucavir, given at daily doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg body weight, reduced WHV-viremia by a 10- to 200-fold range during...

Plasma human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) viral load is a valuable tool for HIV research and clinical care but is often used in a noncumulative manner. The authors developed copy-years viremia as a measure of cumulative plasma HIV-1 viral load exposure among 297 HIV seroconverters from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (1984-1996). Men were followed from seroconversion to incident acqu...

The dynamics of plasma viremia were explored in a group of 12 simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) that had received prior immunization with either nonrecombinant or trivalent (gag-pol, env) SIV-recombinant vaccinia viruses. Three distinct patterns of viral replication observed during and following primary viremia accounted for significant differences in...

Using a threshold model where a minimum level of host viremia is necessary to infect vectors affects our assessment of the relative importance of different host species in the transmission and spread of these pathogens. Other models may be more accurate descriptions of the relationship between host viremia and vector infection. Under the threshold model, the intensity and duration of the viremi...