Reproducibility along a vertical 10 cm visual analogue scale (VAS) was investigated. Eight normal volunteers attempted to duplicate a set of marked VAS. There was a tendency to estimate too high on the scale, and reproducibility was found to be variable along its length. This indicates that the error involved in the use of VASs is even more complex than previously thought.

BACKGROUND Previous findings from studies on the acute effects of drugs indicate that older subjects report less change on visual analogue scales than do younger subjects, when the observed drug effects on objective performance measures are as great or greater. AIM To validate the use of visual analogue scales independently of internal perceptions. SUBJECTS AND METHODS 50 younger and 50 old...

OBJECTIVE To compare the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the simplified Q-sort method used to investigate the highest level of agreement among dentists, orthodontists and laypeople when assessing smile and dental attractiveness. MATERIAL AND METHODS An album containing 258 photos of 86 individuals with their lips at rest, a slight and broad smile, was assessed by 25 dentists (general clinicia...

The aims of this study were to investigate how the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR index) predicts the perceived need for orthodontic treatment of mandibular protrusion in Japanese subjects, and to elucidate whether the perceived need for treatment was affected by the raters' orthodontic expertise. The subjects were 110 dental students and 32 orthodontists. We showed them casts of 10 untreated mand...

STUDY DESIGN This is a retrospective study that was done according to clinical and radiological evaluation. PURPOSE We analyzed the clinical and radiological outcomes of minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody single level fusion. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE Minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion is effective surgical method for treating degenerative lumbar disease....

Background: Recently, various studies have been performed to examine the effect of neurofeedback on treating tinnitus. However, these studies reported different results. In this process, the nervous activity of the patient is evaluated. For example, the aspects associated with brain processes are extracted through temporal processing signs, and then auditory or visual feedback is given to t...

BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to assess the attractive facial features of the Indian population. We tried to evaluate subjective ratings of facial attractiveness and identify which facial aesthetic subunits were important for facial attractiveness. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted of 150 samples (referred to as candidates). Frontal photographs were analyzed. An ortho...

The time trade-off (TTO) is one of the most widely used health state valuation methods and was recently used to develop a set of values for the EQ-5D descriptive system from 3000 members of the UK general population. However, there is currently very little understanding of precisely what determines responses to TTO questions. The data that were used to generate this set of values are ideal for ...

OBJECTIVES To examine the association between fibromyalgic pain and weather to determine the nature of their interrelationship. METHODS The daily pain ratings of 55 female patients previously diagnosed with fibromyalgia were recorded on visual analogue scales (VAS) over 28 days. These ratings were then related to the official weather parameters and a composite weather variable using time seri...