This paper presents the operational modes and the design of the active clamp flyback inverter. The auxiliary switch, clamp capacitor (Cclamp) and resonant inductor (Lr) are used in flyback inverter to minimize the spike voltage at the transformer primary side. Therefore, the voltage stress of main switch can be decreased. The active clamp circuit can also help the main switch in order to achiev...

The ability to correct parameters of voltage-gated conductances measured under poor spatial control by a point voltage clamp could rescue much /awed experimental data, but requires a detailed understanding of errors caused by poor space clamp. We evaluated errors in simulated voltage-clamp experiments on a soma with a single (0:5 ) cylindrical process having a patch of voltage-dependent Hodgkin...

Voltage clamps for protecting low-voltage DC circuits require a new approach to circuit design. Many clamps commonly used were built for systems of 5-Volts or higher but lower voltage systems require distinctive clamping abilities. The use very low-voltage precision enhancement-mode MOSFETs play a pivotal role in designing voltage clamps in low-voltage

One of the difficulties with PWM switching converters is high switching loss and electromagnetic interference due to switching at non-zero voltage and current, which limits the operating frequency. In order to reduce the converter volume and weight (by increasing the frequency) and reducing switching losses, zero voltage and current switching methods are recommended. In this paper, four main ze...

One of the difficulties with PWM switching converters is high switching loss and electromagnetic interference due to switching at non-zero voltage and current, which limits the operating frequency. In order to reduce the converter volume and weight (by increasing the frequency) and reducing switching losses, zero voltage and current switching methods are recommended. In this paper, four main ze...

Extracellular excitation of neurons is applied in studies of cultured networks and brain tissue, as well as in neuroprosthetics. We elucidate its mechanism in an electrophysiological approach by comparing voltage-clamp and current-clamp recordings of individual neurons on an insulated planar electrode. Noninvasive stimulation of neurons from pedal ganglia of Lymnaea stagnalis is achieved by def...

The purpose of this report is to introduce a holistic approach to voltage clamp data. By voltage clamping excitable membranes, in the whole-cell or single-channel level, it is possible to define four basic types of parameters: kinetic (e.g. time and rate constants), "size" (e.g. current, conductance and permeability), selectiviO, to certain ions over others and dependence of these parameters on...

Contractile behavior of the sheep cardiac Purkinje fiber was examined under voltage-clamp conditions in Tyrode's solution. For square depolarizing clamps to a given voltage, peak twitch tension depended on clamp duration if the duration was less than 80 to 90 msec, but measurable contractions could be obtained following 2-msec square clamps. Time to peak tension at 37°C remained constant as cla...

Voltage- and current-clamp measurements of inwardly directed currents were made from the somatic regions of Xenopus laevis spinal neurons. Current-voltage (I-V) curves determined under voltage clamp, but not current clamp, were able to indicate a negative slope conductance in neurons that showed strong accommodating action potential responses to a constant current stimulation. Voltage-clamp I-V...