1.1 VR Environments and Interfaces 1.1.1 Head-Mounted Display 1.1.2 Instrumented Clothing 1.1.3 3-D Spatialized Sound 1.1.4 Other VR Interfaces 1.2 Diversity of VR Applications 1.3 Current Status of VR Technology 1.4 VR-Based Medical Applications in Development 1.4.1 Surgical Training and Planning 1.4.2 Medical Education, Modeling, and Nonsurgical Training 1.4.3 Anatomically Keyed Displays with...

The recent rise of interest in Virtual Reality (VR) came with the availability of commodity commercial VR products, such as the Head Mounted Displays (HMD) created by Oculus and other vendors. To accelerate the user adoption of VR headsets, content providers should focus on producing high quality immersive content for these devices. Similarly, multimedia streaming service providers should enabl...

Purpose To determine the relationship between vaginal reflux (VR) and urinary tract infection (UTI) in female children aged <36 months. Methods A single center retrospective study was performed for 191 girls aged <36 months, with a diagnosis of febrile UTI, who underwent a voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) for assessment of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) at Sanggye Paik Hospital. Fifty-one girls...

BACKGROUND Inflammatory arthritis leads to work disability, absenteeism and presenteeism (i.e. at-work productivity loss) at high cost to individuals, employers and society. A trial of job retention vocational rehabilitation (VR) in the United States identified this helped people keep working. The effectiveness of this VR in countries with different socioeconomic policies and conditions, and it...

INTRODUCTION Due to complexities in its measurement, adequacy of ventilation is seldom used to categorize disease severity and guide ventilatory strategies. Ventilatory ratio (VR) is a novel index to monitor ventilatory adequacy at the bedside. VR=(VEmeasured × PaCO₂measured)/(VEpredicted × PaCO₂ideal). VEpredicted is 100 mL.Kg-1.min-1 and PaCO₂ideal is 5 kPa. Physiological analysis shows that ...

Better educational media that assist in learning have been constantly sought by researchers in the educational technology domain to enhance the outcomes of education. Virtual Reality (VR) has been identified as one of them. Proponents of VR believe that it is an excellent educational tool, which could help to improve performance and conceptual understanding on a specific range of tasks. Nonethe...

Recently, virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) have received increasing attention, with the development of VR/AR devices such as head-mounted displays, haptic devices, and AR glasses. Medicine is considered to be one of the most effective applications of VR/AR. In this article, we describe a systematic literature review conducted to investigate the state-of-the-art VR/AR technology r...

Virtual reality (VR) can be used as a powerful tool to extend the possibilities of visualising the built environment before construction. This paper describes work conducted at Loughborough University in collaboration with a leading British housing developer, and highlights the need to balance the differing agendas of academic research and the competitive modern workplace. Through consultation ...

BACKGROUND Owing to complexities of measuring dead space, ventilatory failure is difficult to quantify in critical care. A simple, novel index called ventilatory ratio (VR) can quantify ventilatory efficiency at the bedside. The study objectives were to evaluate physiological properties of VR and examine its clinical applicability in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients. METHOD...

PURPOSE To compare volume rendering (VR) and maximum intensity projection (MIP) as postprocessing techniques of magnetic resonance (MR) angiography for detection and quantification of renal artery stenosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-seven patients underwent three-dimensional contrast material-enhanced MR angiography of the renal arteries with a 1.5-T imager. For each renal artery, targeted...