 This paper presents an optimal design of Variable Structure Load Frequency Controller using Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm. The optimal design provides a simple systematic way for obtaining optimum feedback gains and switching vector for VSC. It also includes a new method to reduce the chattering associated with the Variable Structure Controllers (VSC). The proposed method has been app...

BACKGROUND: ß -estradiol is a steroid sex hormone that plays important role in oral physiology. The aim of this study was to determin the association of the menstrual cycle and salivary ß-estradiol with the production of volatile sulfur compounds (VSC).METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, twenty female dental students in good oral and general health were recruited for evaluation of VSC, sali...

AIM The purpose of this study was to compare near visual acuity of dentists without optical aids (VSC) with near visual acuity of those using the Galilean telescope system (VGA2) with magnification of x 2.5, and the distance of 350 mm in simulated clinical conditions. METHODS The study included 46 dentists (visual acuity 1.0 without correction). A visual acuity testing was carried out using a...

In this paper, a new three-phase four-wire distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) based on a T-connected transformer and a three-leg voltage source converter (VSC) is proposed for power quality improvement. The T-connected transformer connection mitigates the neutral current and the three-leg VSC compensates harmonic current, reactive power, and balances the load. Two single-phase transform...

PURPOSE This study examined and compared levels of salivary bacteria which produced volatile sulfur compounds (VSC) in young children with and without oral malodor. METHODS Clinic populations of children aged two to seven years, whose parents presented with an unsolicited major complaint of oral malodor in their child (OM+), or aged-matched controls in whom oral malodor was not detected by pa...

Variable Structure Control (VSC) has been successfully established in control systems engineering in the past two decades. Recently, Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control (FSMC) techniques have drawn the attention of the scientific community, due to their effectiveness in reducing the typical chattering phenomenon arising in VSC. In this paper we present a novel FSMC technique for a class of second order ...

The Voltage Source Converter-HVDC (VSC-HVDC) system applied to wind power generation can solve large scale wind farm grid-connection and long distance transmission problems. However, the low voltage ride through (LVRT) of the VSC-HVDC connected wind farm is a key technology issue that must be solved, and it is currently lacking an economic and effective solution. In this paper, a LVRT coordinat...

BACKGROUND/AIMS In a previous issue published in Gut and Liver, we found that erosive changes in the esophagogastroduodenal mucosa were strongly correlated with increased levels of volatile sulfur-containing compounds (VSC), suggesting that halitosis could be a symptom reflecting the erosive status of the upper gut mucosa. Together with other studies showing a possible association between halit...

An availability and a reliability prediction has been made for a high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) module of VSC (Voltage Source Converter) containing DC/DC converter, gate driver, capacitor and insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBT). This prediction was made using published failure rates for the electronic equipment. The purpose of this prediction is to determinate the additional module re...

Conventional Voltage Source Converters (VSC) cannot interrupt DC fault currents and DC circuit breakers are not yet commercially available for HVDC power ratings. Thus, the protection of VSC-HVDC systems is still an obstacle for the development of this technology. The features of VSC-HVDC systems make them suitable for implementing HVDC grids. Nevertheless, HVDC grids are more complex than poin...