Over the last thirty years, a growing number of studies showed that astrocytes play a pivotal role in the energy support to synapses. More precisely, astrocytes adjust energy production to neuronal energy needs through different mechanisms grouped under the term "neurometabolic coupling" (NMC). In this review we describe these mechanisms of coupling and how they involve astrocytes. From a physi...

This study aimed to observe the architecture of day sleeping after a night of work, and the characteristics of the sleep-wake cycle in nurses working in different shifts. The study was performed at the Hospital de Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, USP. The sleep-wake cycle was evaluated through the sleep diary in (n = 36) subjects, with an average age of 30 years. Of these, o...

Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy is an individual psychotherapy designed specifically for the treatment for bipolar disorder. Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy grew from a chronobiological model of bipolar disorder postulating that individuals with bipolar disorder have a genetic predisposition to circadian rhythm and sleep-wake cycle abnormalities that may be responsible, in part,...

The daily sleep-wake cycle is perhaps the most dramatic overt manifestation of the circadian timing system, and this is especially true for the monophasic sleep-wake cycle of humans. Considerable recent progress has been made in elucidating the neurobiological mechanisms underlying sleep and arousal, and more generally, of circadian rhythmicity in behavioral and physiological systems. This pape...

This paper presents the FTA-MAC (Fast Traffic Adaptive MAC) protocol, a novel energy-efficient MAC protocol based on asynchronous duty cycling for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). In FTA-MAC protocol, the communication between the sensor nodes is initiated by sending a wake-up beacon from the receiving node. The latter fast adapts its wake-up interval according to the traffic rate in order to r...

-Long-time operating wireless sensor networks in remote or harsh environmental conditions where maintenance is not simple or impossible to accomplish becoming more and more demand in industrial applications. Wake up strategies will help to expand the operational life cycle of sensor nodes where long life cycles are required. The lack of energy and no recharge possibilities are challenges of wir...

Mostly-o sensor network applications alternate between long periods of inactivity (ranging from minutes to hours) and short periods of activity (normally a few seconds). From an energy consumption point of view, it is desirable that the network switch o completely during application inactive periods and wake-up e ciently at the start of application active periods. The fundamental problem preven...

Studies in anesthetized animals implicate nonserotonergic cells in the ventromedial medulla (VMM) in opioid modulation of nociceptive transmission but do not reveal the conditions that engage VMM cells in unanesthetized rats. The few studies of VMM cells in unanesthetized rats show that VMM cells change their discharge across the sleep-wake cycle and during active movements. Since active moveme...