OBJECTIVE:We evaluated the effectiveness of spermwashing using the discontinuous two-layer density gradient centrifugation method to remove antisperm antibodies attached to the sperm surface. METHOD: We prospectively enrolled sixty-six men with unexplained infertility who were seeking evaluation. Each patient delivered one semen specimen for the study. We determined antisperm antibody levels us...

introduction: careful planning on health care may prevent the spread of disease and reduce the expense for treatment. regarding the importance of health care in the clinical centers including physiotherapy clinics, this study was designed to investigate the rate of bacterial contamination of electrotherapy’s pads which use in the physiotherapy clinics of semnan university of medical sciences (i...

one of the most important parameters describing the liposomal formulation of hydroquinone is encapsulation efficacy. for the efficacy evaluation of hydroquinone trapped in liposomal structure, there is a need to first separate liposome from the matrix surrounding it. there are various separation techniques; however, in this study, the three techniques of centrifuges with and without washing and...

a total of 68385 live pin-worm eggs from adhesive scotch tape were exposed to different detergent powders in under to compare method of detergent washing clothes with the boiling method for the control of family enterobiasis. results show that: a) 80.4-100 percent of eggs are destroyed after hatching within 6-8 hours of exposure to 0.25 gr% detergent at 10-250c. exposure for less than 6 hours h...

Practical, effective methods that could be implemented in a food service establishment (restaurant or delicatessen) for the surface sanitization of cantaloupes were microbiologically evaluated. Cantaloupes (Cucumis melo L. var. reticulates) were immersed in an inoculum containing Salmonella enterica serovar Poona or Pantoea agglomerans at ca. 10(4) to 10(5) CFU/ml. An efficient method for the r...

The metabolome offers real time detection of the adaptive, multi-parametric response of the organisms to environmental changes, pathophysiological stimuli or genetic modifications and thus rationalizes the optimization of cell cultures in bioprocessing. In bioprocessing the measurement of physiological intracellular metabolite levels is imperative for successful applications. However, a samplin...

The U.S. FDA [1] process validation guidance document released in 2011 increased the emphasis on continued process verification: “ongoing assurance is gained during routine production that the process remains in a state of control”. Until recently, in a washing system, conductivity analysis was the only on-line method used to monitor the quality of the final rinse water. Now, developments in th...

The removal of cadmium and turbidity from contaminated soil-washing water was studied by Electroflotation (EF) at the laboratory scale by using sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) as an anionic surfactant, and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) as a coagulant. The stoichiometric cadmium to collector (SLS) and coagulant (Ca(OH)2) ratio was 1:4.5. Significant removal of cadmium (100 %, not detected in the resid...

Hand washing remains an important preventative method for making the transmission of nosocomial infections redundant. Despite awareness by health workers of the practices required and of the legislation governing hand washing, the study reported here found that compliance to these procedures was quite poor. The results of two surveys distributed to health workers and direct observation by clini...

We present a versatile method for continuous-flow, on-chip biological processing of cells, large bio-particles, and functional beads. Using an asymmetric post array in pressure-driven microfluidic flow, we can move particles of interest across multiple, independent chemical streams, enabling sequential chemical operations. With this method, we demonstrate on-chip cell treatments such as labelin...