This paper discusses the background to real-time GPS asset tracking in the context of 1) monitoring moving vehicles, 2) the content of the GPS data that is provided as part of the 2 systems that were tested, 3) the theory behind the installation of such tracking systems in terms of GPS, GPRS and internet communications and finally, 4) the assessment of the economic benefits of both systems is a...

This paper presents an acceleration slip regulation (ASR) system for four-wheel drive (4WD) electric vehicles, which are driven by the front and rear axles simultaneously. The ASR control strategy includes three control modes: average distribution of inter-axle torque, optimal distribution of inter-axle torque and independent control of optimal slip rate, respectively, which are designed based ...

A circular shape placed on an incline will roll; similarly, an irregularly shaped object, such as the Archimedean spiral, will roll on a flat surface when a force is applied to its axle. This rolling is dependent on the specific shape and the applied force (magnitude and location). In this paper, we derive formulas that define the behavior of irregular 2D and 3D shapes on a flat plane when a we...

F(1)-ATPase is an ATP-driven rotary molecular motor in which the central gamma-subunit rotates inside the cylinder made of alpha(3)beta(3) subunits. The amino and carboxy termini of the gamma-subunit form the axle, an alpha-helical coiled coil that deeply penetrates the stator cylinder. We previously truncated the axle step by step, starting with the longer carboxy terminus and then cutting bot...

Two rotaxanes containing zinc porphyrin (ZnP) with crown ether and [60]fullerene (C(60)) with cationic and neutral axles are synthesized. Optimized structures calculated by molecular orbital methods indicate that the rotaxane with an ammonium cation in the center of the axle has a shorter distance between the C(60) and ZnP moieties than that of the rotaxane with a neutral axle because of acylat...

We studied rotaxanes that consisted of a molecular axle, with a photoactive 9-Aryl-9-methoxy-acridane moiety at one end, and a tetracationic ring of cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) (CBQT(4+)). The aim of the study was to deposit the axle ends onto gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). First, we introduced thioctic acid into the axle molecules. Then, rotaxanes were deposited on AuNPs by two methods: 1) Pse...

Electronic controls cannot always compensate for the destabilization of a poorly designed vehicle caused by tire delamination. Axle tramp caused from rubber strips on the track showed axle skate [1]. Further research, reported at ESV 2007 [2] demonstrated that lumps on a single rear tire caused 15+ degrees/g of oversteer. The Engineering Institute has shown that the process of tire delamination...

Acid fuels the motion of a threaded ring A central goal in the construction of molecular-scale machines is the efficient achievement of oneway motion. Erbas-Cakmak et al. developed a class of machines that transmit pH changes into the two-stage guided motion of molecular rings threaded on a linear or cyclic axle. The design relies on temporary blocking groups and landing sites along the axle th...

A cyclodextrin ring was face-selectively transferred between two stations linked by a 2-methylpyridinium group on an axle molecule.