Stochastic optimization is used to estimate the willingness-to-pay WTP of individual households and groups of households for changes in a combination of probabilistic water supply reliability and retail price of water. By modeling the financial and “perceived” costs of implementing longand short-term conservation options and assuming rational expected value cost minimizing behavior, economic de...

The lower deep branch of the Pacific Meridional Overturning Circulation (L-PMOC) is responsible for deep-water transport from Antarctic to North and a key ingredient in regulation global climate through its influence on storage residence time heat carbon. At Yap-Mariana Junction (YMJ), major gateway flowing into Western Ocean, we deployed five moorings 2018 2019 Eastern, Southern, Northern Chan...

nanosized tio2 particles were prepared by sol–gel method. the tio2 particles were co-deposited with chromium using electrodeposition technique. in investigating of coating surfaces by scanning electron microscope (sem), the results showed that the morphology of the coating surface was changed by adding tio2 nanoparticles to the chromium coating. the corrosion behavior of the coatings was assess...

The minimum power distortionless response beamformer has a good interference rejection capability, but the desired signal will be suppressed if signal steering vector or data covariance matrix is not precise. The worst-case performance optimization-based robust adaptive beamformer (WCB) has been developed to solve this problem. However, the solution of WCB cannot be expressed in a closed form, ...

in an arid country like kuwait with harsh and hot climate conditions, the scarcity of fresh water supplies presents a serious threat to sustainable socio-economic development and growth. kuwait is an oil rich country with capital abundance and coastal locations enabled it to build desalination plants for fresh water production that is sold to the customers at highly subsidized prices. however, ...