The estimation of the value of carbon emissions has become a major research and policy topic since the establishment of the Kyoto Protocol. The shadow price of CO2 provides information about the marginal abatement cost of this pollutant. It is an essential element in guiding environmental policy issues, since the CO2 shadow price can be used when fixing carbon tax rates, in environmental cost-b...

The objective of this study is to provide estimates of price elasticities of irrigation water demands in Zhangye Basin (ZB), an inland river basin in China, with the most recent data and to compare the values of marginal product (VMPs) of water to the prices of water farmers are currently paying. With a set of village and household survey data collected in 2009 and 2014, household fixed effects...

Price stability has been the foremost task of monetary policy. The information relating to the response of prices to monetary policy shocks is essential for conducting monetary policy in general and for inflation targeting of central banks in particular. Most of the published empirical studies analyze the response of an aggregate price index like CPI or a consumption deflator and their r...

liberalization of energy price increases costs of agricultural inputs and costs of agricultural production. all these changes may affect the overall competitiveness of domestic products with similar foreign products. as a result of that, total cost of agricultural products are increased and profitability are decreased. in this paper, energy consumption for producing corn were calculated using c...

This paper analyzes South Africa’s Free Basic Water Policy, under which households receive a free water allowance equal to the World Health Organization’s recommended minimum of 6 kiloliters per month. I structurally estimate residential water demand, evaluate the welfare e¤ects of free water, and provide optimal price schedules derived from a social planner’s problem. I use a unique dataset of...

abstract water is a vital resource for every biological and human phenomena. nowadays, water management and conservation has a great importance not only in developing countries, but also in developed countries. in traditional economics, water is not taken into consideration as a factor of production in the national accounts. nevertheless in reality, water is the primary input of many goods and ...