which water is pumped from the oropharyngeal chamber, across the gills and into the parabranchial chambers. At the same time, blood is pumped through the gills, where it picks up oxygen from the water and loses carbon dioxide. The movement of water across the gills involves the action of two pumps: a pressure pump that pushes water across the gills from the oropharyngeal to the parabranchial ca...

Abstract. This paper studies the bioremediation, in minimal time, of a water resource or reservoir using a single continuous bioreactor. The bioreactor is connected to two pumps, at different locations in the reservoir, that pump polluted water and inject back sufficiently clean water with the same flow rate. This leads to a minimal-time optimal control problem where the control variables are r...

The study was carried out in Chandigarh, India with the following objectives: (1) to monitor the bacteriological quality of drinking water; (2) to collect data on bacteriological contamination of water collected at point of use; (3) to test both groundwater being supplied through hand pumps and pre-treated water; and (4) to determine the pattern of seasonal variations in quality of water. The c...

An important part of the lifecycle costs for pump stations are the support costs associated with energy and preventive maintenance of the pumps. Both cost terms are interrelated because a trade-off exists between maintaining pumps frequently (with increased pump efficiency, reduced energy costs and increasing maintenance costs, and pump unavailability) and extending the intervals between the ov...

The use of hydro-turbine pumps increases the efficiency pumping stations for machine irrigation by utilizing free water energy agricultural sources. savings on achieved through (HTPS) (traditionally obtained electrical networks) creates ecological conditions implementation turbine pumps, while also improving economic stations.

Conventional drug delivery systems are known to provide an immediate release of drug, in which one can not control the release of the drug and can not maintain effective concentration at the target site for longer time. Controlled drug delivery systems offer spatial control over the drug release. Osmotic pumps are most promising systems for controlled drug delivery. These systems are used for b...