A fundamental problem in robotics is to compute a path for a robot from its current location to a given goal. In this paper we consider the problem of a robot equipped with an on-board vision system searching for a goal g in an unknown environment. We assume that the robot is originally located at a point s on the boundary of a street polygon. A street is a simple polygon with two distinguished...

Article history: Received 5 April 2016 Received in revised form 14 September 2016 Accepted 15 September 2016 Available online 15 September 2016 In 2013, San Francisco was one of eight sites funded by Partnership for a Healthier America to implement Play Streets, a smaller-scale Open Streets-type initiative, aimed at increasing physical activity (PA) among children and youth by closing neighborh...

OBJECTIVES Motor vehicle-pedestrian crash is a significant public health concern. The urban campus of Georgia State University poses unique challenges due to a large number of students and university employees. The objectives of this study are twofold: 1) to examine the correlation between specific features of the built environment on and around the University campus and pedestrian crashes; and...

OBJECTIVES To investigate if the population living along streets with high traffic density has a higher prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms. METHODS A sample of 673 adults and 106 children (0-15 years), living along busy traffic streets in the city of Haarlem was compared with a control sample of 812 adults and 185 children living along quiet streets. Exposed and control streets were s...

Canton (present-day Guangzhou) has long flourished as a port city. As the city expanded in nineteenth century, risks of conflagrations increased; streets became more crowded, buildings were often made wood, and there was use open fires. The reconstruction after provides an excellent way to observe resilience urban space, understood here result interactions among different stakeholders. This pap...

Traditionally traffic flow models have been based on analogous physical phenomena. Though these models have been successful in representing traffic flow, there is a need to provide a systematic behavioural explanation for their existence. One such model is the two-fluid model which is analogous to the principles of Bose–Einstein condensation of particles at low temperatures. The model has been ...

Maintaining human thermal comfort (HTC) is essential for pedestrians because people outside can be more susceptible to heat stress and heat stroke. Modification of street microclimates using tree canopy cover can provide important benefits to pedestrians, but how beneficial and under what circumstances is not clear. On sunny summer days, microclimatic measures were made in residential streets w...

“The streets and infrastructure of most of Africa’s cities are being overwhelmed by traffic, leading to rising levels of hazardous air pollution and impacts on the economy. Africa should consider the mistakes made on continents, such as Europe, which indicates that trying to build your way out of the problem by constructing more and more roads can be expensive and deliver only short-term benefi...

The urban street network is one of the most permanent features of cities. Once laid down, the pattern of streets determines urban form and the level of sprawl for decades to come. We present a high-resolution time series of urban sprawl, as measured through street network connectivity, in the United States from 1920 to 2012. Sprawl started well before private car ownership was dominant and grew...

One hundred and fifty-six homeless adolescents and 319 homeless adults interviewed directly on the streets and in shelters were compared for backgrounds of abuse, adaptations to life on the streets, and rates of criminal victimization when on the streets. Homeless adolescents were more likely to be from abusive family backgrounds, more likely to rely on deviant survival strategies, and more lik...