For most practical purposes, true topology optimization of a braced frame should be synchronized with its sizing. An integrated layout optimization is formulated here to simultaneously account for both member sizing and bracings’ topology in such a problem. Code-specific seismic design spectrum is applied to unify the earthquake excitation. The problem is solved for minimal structural weight un...

In this paper, we first present a new type of the concept of open sets by expressing some properties of arbitrary mappings on a power set. With the generalization of the closure spaces in categorical topology, we introduce the generalized topological spaces and the concept of generalized continuity and become familiar with weak and strong structures for generalized topological spaces. Then, int...