If N is a submodule of the R-module M , and a ∈ R, let λa : M/N → M/N be multiplication by a. We say that N is a primary submodule of M if N is proper and for every a, λa is either injective or nilpotent. Injectivity means that for all x ∈ M , we have ax ∈ N ⇒ x ∈ N . Nilpotence means that for some positive integer n, aM ⊆ N , that is, a belongs to the annihilator of M/N , denoted by ann(M/N). ...

This paper describes the electro-thermal design of a medium voltage modular multilevel converter prototype, from the submodule power semiconductor thermal requirements to the overall system level integration. The high number of semiconductors and capacitors involved are stressed differently depending on the actual operating conditions, as discussed in the paper. The presented design considers a...

In this paper, we investigate the ideal theory in BCK-algebras and we define the notions of primary and P -primary ideals. Then we show that in bounded implicative BCK-algebras, if an ideal has a primary decomposition, then it has a reduced primary decomposition. In the follow, we extend the above concepts to X-modules (Extended BCK-modules) and we introduce the notions of primary and P -primar...

Weakly supervised learning applies image tag labels to train convolutional neural networks locate defect. In industrial vision system, metal surface is anisotropic under light in all directions and it inevitable cause local overexposure due the natural reflection of active strong light, especially on cylindrical surface. this paper, injector valve taken as representative workpieces. Since varie...

Let $R$ be a commutative ring with identity and let $M$ be an $R$-module. In this paper, we will introduce the secondary radical of a submodule $N$ of $M$ as the sum of all secondary submodules of $M$ contained in $N$, denoted by $sec^*(N)$, and explore the related properties. We will show that this class of modules contains the family of second radicals properly and can be regarded as a dual o...

Let φ be a Drinfeld module of generic characteristic, and let X be a sufficiently generic affine subvariety of Ga. We show that the intersection of X with a finite rank φ-submodule of Ga is finite. Mathematics Subject Classification Number: Primary 11G09; Secondary 11G10.

In this paper, we introduce two concepts of weakly relaxed ${eta_gamma-alpha_gamma}_{gamma in Gamma}$ pseudomonotone and demipseudomonotone mappings in Banach spaces. Then we obtain some results of the solutions existence for a system of vector variational-like inequalities with weakly relaxed ${eta_gamma-alpha_gamma}_{gamma in Gamma}$ pseudomonotone and demipseudomonotone mappings in reflexive...

The modular multilevel converter (MMC) is receiving extensive research interests in high/medium voltage applications due to its modularity, scalability, reliability, high voltage capability and excellent harmonic performance. The submodule capacitors are usually quite bulky since they have to withstand fundamental frequency voltage fluctuations. To reduce the capacitance of these capacitors, th...