Web robots periodically crawl Web sites to download their content, thus producing potential bandwidth overload and performance degradation. To cope with their presence, it is then important to understand and predict their behavior. The analysis of the properties of the traffic generated by some commercial robots has shown that their access patterns vary: some tend to revisit the pages rather of...

In this paper, we describe representations and inference techniques that are used in the RoboEarth system for the web-based exchange of information between robots. We present novel representations for environment maps that combine expressive semantic environment models with techniques for selecting suitable maps from the web-based RoboEarth knowledge base. We further propose techniques for impr...

This paper describes client-server systems for controlling robots over the World Wide Web. Robots perform robust real time manual control over the Internet connection characterized by varying bandwidth and latency. A Web server is used to provide the client application to the operator. Client uses custom TCP/IP protocol to connect to the server, which provides interface to the specific robotic ...

In order for robots to intelligently perform tasks with humans, they must be able to access a broad set of background knowledge about the environments in which they operate. Unlike other approaches, which tend to manually define the knowledge of the robot, our approach enables robots to actively query the World Wide Web (WWW) to learn background knowledge about the physical environment. We show...

This paper presents a secure multi-agent architecture running on a Web environment. It is directed at monitoring mobile robots used for surveillance in sensitive environments (nuclear plants, military grounds) and domotic applications in smart buildings. Our Guard Robots are semiautonomous mobile robots providing video streams encrypted via wireless to existing watchguard systems on Internet. I...

In this paper we report on a recent public experiment that shows two robots making pancakes using web instructions. In the experiment, the robots retrieve instructions for making pancakes from the World Wide Web and generate robot action plans from the instructions. This task is jointly performed by two autonomous robots: The first robot, TUM James, opens and closes cupboards and drawers, takes...

The community-based generation of content has been tremendously successful in the World Wide Web – people help each other by providing information that could be useful to others. We are trying to transfer this approach to robotics in order to help robots acquire the vast amounts of knowledge needed to competently perform everyday tasks. RoboEarth is intended to be a web community by robots for ...

The workload on web search engines is actually multiclass, being derived from the activities of both human users and automated robots. It is important to distinguish between these two classes in order to reliably characterize human web search behavior, and to study the effect of robot activity. We suggest an approach based on a multidimensional characterization of search sessions, and take firs...

scheduling is an important subject of production and operations management area. in flow-shop scheduling, the objective is to obtain a sequence of jobs which when processed in a fixed order of machines, will optimize some well defined criteria. the concept of transportation time is very important in scheduling. transportation can be done by robots. in situations that robots are used to transpor...

The accurate detection of web robot sessions from a web server log is essential to take accurate trafficlevel measurements and to protect the performance and privacy of information on a Web server. Moreover, the irrecoverable risks of visits from malicious robots that intentionally try to evade web server intrusion detection systems, covering-up their visits with fabricated fields in their http...