It can be argued that much of the evidence generated in the United States on the importance of early childhood to future health and attainment has had a greater effect on the national policies of other countries than it has in the U.S., which lacks a national policy agenda for young children. However, the U.S. is not the only country to struggle with the direction early childhood policy should ...

The paper describes an OLG economy with a single exhaustible resource that has amenity value. The steady states of this economy form a continuum, implying pathdependency. We compare three policy scenarios; first, a ‘zero extraction’ policy of enforced conservation that avoids environmental degradation, possibly at the expense of intertemporal efficiency. Second, a ‘grandfathering’ policy that e...

“It is hard to think of many industries that have contributed as much to human welfare as the pharmaceutical industry.” This statement was made not by a pharmaceutical industry chief executive officer but by two antitrust regulators, Roy Levy and Abraham Wickelgren, with the Federal Trade Commission.1 There is indeed evidence from the medical and economics literature that new drugs have played ...

Village Fund is a fund sourced from the State Budget (APBN) which given directly to villages, andis received through District/City Regional (APBD) used finance implementation of village government, development, community, and empowerment. This study aims determine realization use Funds improve welfare community in Siwalan Village, Mlarak District, Ponorogo Regency. research uses qualitative des...

This paper proposes a dynamic equilibrium model to study the implications of the complexity of financial securities for investor behavior, asset prices, and welfare. The key assumption is that, unlike fund managers, non-professional investors cannot directly observe complex securities’ payoffs. In equilibrium, fund managers overinvest in complex securities as these potentially allow them to inf...

BACKGROUND An estimated one fifth of all U.S. adult smokers receive health benefits through insurance plans administered by Taft-Hartley Health and Welfare Funds. Most funds do not offer comprehensive tobacco-cessation services to fund participants despite evidence that doing so would be cost effective and save lives. PURPOSE This paper examines the decision-making processes of Minnesota-base...

Every year, 90% of Americans give money to charities. Is such generosity necessarily welfare enhancing for the giver? We present a theoretical framework that distinguishes two types of motivation: individuals like to give, for example, due to altruism or warm glow, and individuals would rather not give but dislike sayingno, forexample, duetosocial pressure. Wedesigna door-to-doorfund-raiser in ...

Two salient features of the competitive structure of the U.S. mutual fund industry are the large number of funds and the sizeable dispersion in the fees funds charge investors, even within narrow asset classes. Portfolio financial performance differences alone do not seem able to fully explain these features. We investigate whether non-portfolio fund differentiation and information/search frict...

Every year, 90 percent of Americans give money to charities. Is such generosity necessarily welfare enhancing for the giver? We present a theoretical framework that distinguishes two types of motivation: individuals like to give, e.g., due to altruism or warm glow, and individuals would rather not give but dislike saying no, e.g., due to social pressure. We design a door-to-door fund-raising dr...

OBJECTIVE Sustainability of public social welfare programmes has long been of concern in development circles. An important aspect of sustainability is the ability to sustain the recurrent financial costs of programmes. A free maternal care programme (FMCP) was launched under the Ghana National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) in 2008 with a start-up grant from the British Government. This article...