We aimed to analyze characteristics of encephalopathy after both hematopoietic stem cell and solid organ pediatric transplantation. We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 662 pediatric transplant recipients (201 with liver transplantation [LT], 55 with heart transplantation [HT], and 67 with kidney transplantation [KT], 339 with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation [HSCT])...

background: asphyxia is a perinatal accident with a high mortality rate, therapeutic hypothermia in both head or whole body was suggested as effective therapeutic methods. in this study, we compare these methods in neonates with asphyxia.methods and materials: 16 neonates with asphyxia in two hospitals including alzahra(head hypothermia) and taleghani hospital (total body hypothermia) went unde...

mild (140 to 159/90 to 99 mmhg) or moderate (160 to 179/100 to 109 mmhg) chronic arterial hypertension does not appear to cause headache. whether moderate hypertension predisposes patients to headache at all remains controversial, but there is little evidence that it does. ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in patients with mild and moderate hypertension has shown no convincing relationship b...

BACKGROUND & AIMS Minimal hepatic encephalopathy is difficult to diagnose due to the lack of a gold standard test. Oral glutamine challenge has been found to increase blood ammonia in cirrhosis leading to secondary cognitive impairment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of oral glutamine challenge in improving the psychometric performance for the diagnosis of minimal hepatic encep...

Pancreatic encephalopathy refers to a gamut of neuropsychiatric symptoms complicating acute pancreatitis. Osmotic myelinolysis is a known complication of pancreatic encephalopathy. We evaluated a 58-year-old woman with pancreatic encephalopathy associated to pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis involving the brain and spinal cord. To our knowledge, this is the first clinic pathological case re...

INTRODUCTION Hepatic encephalopathy is defined as brain dysfunction caused by liver insufficiency and/or portosystemic shunting. Symptoms include nonspecific cognitive impairment, personality changes and changes in consciousness. Overt (symptomatic) hepatic encephalopathy is a common complication of cirrhosis that is associated with a poor prognosis. Patients with hepatic encephalopathy may pre...

Background: The developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) diseases where there is impairment related to both the underlying etiology independent of epileptiform activity encephalopathy. Many DEEs have a genetic basis that, by themselves, can alter neurodevelopmental delay. By August 2022, were 105 genes associated with DEE according OMIM.

Aluminum is present in very small amounts in living organisms but abundant in the environment. A growing literature links with the biochemistry of aluminum and also with a series of diseases in chronic renal failure patients on treatment with hemodialysis. The initial description of potential aluminum toxicity in renal failure patients relates to description of dialysis encephalopathy syndr...

Wernicke's encephalopathy is an acute neurolopsychiatric syndrome caused by thiamine deficiency, and classically presents with the triad of opthalmopathy, ataxia and altered mentality. Both prolonged total parenteral nutrition and reduced oral intake can induce Wernicke's encephalopathy during hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Although early treatment is important for recovery fro...

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Current hepatic encephalopathy grading tools are limited because of complexity or subjectivity. The degree of constructional apraxia could serve as a simple, objective and reproducible tool to grade encephalopathy. STUDY DESIGN In this cross-sectional study of patients with chronic liver disease, the degree of constructional apraxia was judged by their ability to copy a sta...