Let G be a graph with n nodes, e edges, chromatic number and girth g. In an acyclic orientation of G, an arc is dependent if its reversal creates a cycle. It is well known that if < g, then G has an acyclic orientation without dependent arcs. Edelman showed that if G is connected, then every acyclic orientation has at most e ? n + 1 dependent arcs. We show that if G is connected and < g, then G...

this research effort to understand the qasim amin thinking about the woman question. this article responds to this question that how did  he formulat­ his texts? in this regard, he used fairclough critical discourse analysis theoretical approach­. theory of this article is his books shows inequality in social rights of women. he undermines traditional egyptian society and he influenced by the w...

Making buildings zero-net energy (ZNE) is one of the major strategies for achieving carbon emission reduction goals. For this strategy to be successful, it entails a very significant in use – 50% or more. In small commercial buildings, however, owners and building management teams usually have limited resources identifying, analyzing, procuring appropriate retrofit measures reducing such use. A...

aim: considering the fundamental role of parents&apos; function and family dynamics including the importance role of family communication pattern on preventing early-onset substance use in children, the present study aimed to determine the correlation between family communication pattern and mothers&apos; preventive behavioral intention regarding preventing early-onset substance use in children...

Objective The West Coast Groundfish Observer Program (WCGOP) collects at-sea data from limited trawl and fixed gear fleet as well as from open access nearshore, prawn, and shrimp fleets. This information is vital for determining the amount of discard and total catch of groundfish species in this region. This report summarizes discard data collected by the West Coast Groundfish Observer Program ...

Increased connectivity with the mainland has led to the arrival of many invasive species to the Galápagos Islands, including novel pathogens, threatening the archipelago's unique fauna. Here we consider the potential role of the mosquito Aedes taeniorhynchus in maintaining the flavivirus West Nile virus [WNV] should it reach the islands. We report on three components of vectorial capacity - vec...

In July-September 2012, one month earlier than in previous years, 13 confirmed human cases of West Nile virus infection were diagnosed in northern Italy, including five with neuroinvasive disease, three with West Nile fever, and five West Nile virus (WNV)-positive blood donors. In nine cases, the presence of the WNV lineage 1a Livenza strain, characterised in 2011, was ascertained. Symptomatic ...

The temperature of the surface soil layer around different orientation walls was investigated horizontally along several construction-soil micro-gradients in Beijing, China. On a diurnal scale, similar fluctuating trends in T0 and T50 (temperature of surface soil layer, 0 and 0.5 m from the building baseline) adjacent to the external walls of buildings with the same orientation usually appeared...

We report lichen cover change over a 20 years period for the Costa Rican capitol city. Foliaceous lichen cover was measured with a 10 x 10 cm template positioned 1.5 m above ground on the south, east, north and west sides of ten phorophytic trees per station (11 stations) from 1976 through 1997. Results were compared with previous measurements along an urban transect (at three heights above gro...