8 The enactment of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) in the European Union triggers 9 intense activity among Member States and raises some criticisms. The good status of waters 10 may include an ecological dream that is difficult to achieve. Moreover, criteria for derogations 11 require strong economic arguments. This challenge raises the debate whether the WFD is part 12 of an incremental pr...

Water quality indices (WQIs) are efficient and powerful tools for evaluating, organising and communicating information on the overall quality of surface water bodies. The use of these indices may be very helpful in evaluating the water quality of aquatic systems in relation to the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD). In this study, two well-known water quality indices have been selected for eval...

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In the European Union, the Water Framework Directive (WFD) enforces a good ecological and chemical status of all surface waters. In-stream (immission) concentrations and populations need to comply with certain standards. In order to deal with this new legislation, integrated urban water management is an important issue. Real-time control (RTC) is one approach that may be used to improve the per...

Today’s highly competitive environment in the commercial air transportation business instigates airline companies to continue operating their aircrafts beyond the design life, as long as the maintenance ascertaining their safe operation is more cost-effective than the investment into a new aircraft. In the context of damage tolerance of aging aircrafts, the residual strength of the fuselage ski...

The EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) requires the ecological assessment of water bodies. Since the littoral zones and the lakeshores are part of lakes as water bodies as defined by the WFD, a new scheme for ecological quality assessment of lakeshores should be established. It is proposed that this scheme should go beyond the formal requirements of the WFD, as it includes aspects of nature con...

The German procedure for the assessment of ecological status in relation to the biological quality element "Macroalgae & Angiosperms" pursuant to the European Water Framework Directive (WFD) for inner coastal waters of the Baltic Sea

This paper will introduce the CD4WC project and its first results after approximately 1.5 years from its beginning. The project CD4WC deals with optimising the efficiency of the urban wastewater system. Various optimisation measures are investigated with regard to ecological consequences in natural water bodies and in regard with investment and operational costs. The variety of possible systems...

Benthic macrophytes from 51 sites in the upper infralittoral zone along the Slovenian rocky coast were sampled (randomly stratified) in order to (1) confirm water body (WB) boundaries, (2) select sampling points for a surveillance monitoring programme, and (3) assess preliminary Ecological Status Classes (ESC) within the European Water Framework Directive (WFD). Coverage data of macrophytes wer...

The first generation of WFD River Basin Management Plans is now available. This is a formidable achievement and a great step towards addressing Europe's deteriorated river systems. However, plans are only words: only the actual implementation of the selected measures will result in achievement of good ecological and chemical status. The WFD Lille 2010 Conference pointed out that a lot of new, b...