The Drosophila hedgehog (hh) gene encodes a secreted protein involved in organizing growth and patterning in many developmental processes. Hh appears to act by inducing the localized expression of at least two other signaling molecules, decapentaplegic (dpp) and wingless (wg), which then govern cell proliferation and patterning in surrounding tissue. Here, we demonstrate that cyclic AMP (cAMP)-...

The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) convened a Working Group (WG) on August 5 to 6, 2010 in Bethesda, Maryland to discuss future directions of research in heart transplantation (HT). The WG was composed of researchers with expertise in the basic science, clinical science, and epidemiological aspects of advanced heart failure and HT. These experts were asked to identify the hig...

Grain protein films plasticized with glycerol were prepared from corn zein (CZ), wheat gluten (WG), and a 2.3:1 mixture of wheat gluten and soy protein isolate (WG/SPI). Moisture adsorption curves of the three types of protein films at 25° C and within an approximate water activity range of 0.11 to 0.84 were obtained using a static gravimetric method. The Smith, Oswin, Halsey, and Guggenheim-An...

climate is a complex system which is changing mainly due to the increase of greenhouse gases. because of the importance of climate change and the effects it can have on water resources, in recent years, this topic has been taken into consideration for different basins on earth. the objective of this study is to investigate the effects of climate change and forecasting meteorological variables o...

Q-reducibility is a natural generalization of many-one reducibility (m-reducibility): if A ≤m B via a computable function f(x), then A ≤Q B via the computable function g(x) such that Wg(x) = {f(x)}. Also this reducibility is connected with enumeration reducibility (e-reducibility) as follows: if A ≤Q B via a computable function g(x), then ω −A ≤e ω −B via the c. e. set W = {〈x, 2y〉 | x ∈ ω, y ∈...

Drosophila Wingless (Wg) is the founding member of the Wnt family of secreted proteins. During the wing development, Wg acts as a morphogen whose concentration gradient provides positional cues for wing patterning. The molecular mechanism(s) of Wg gradient formation is not fully understood. Here, we systematically analyzed the roles of glypicans Dally and Dally-like protein (Dlp), the Wg recept...