Abstract Studies on the impact of changes in travel costs car and public transport use are typically based cross-sectional survey data or time series analysis do not capture intrapersonal variation patterns, which can result biased cost elasticities. This paper examines influence panel effects inertia behaviour sensitiveness, four waves Mobility Panel for Netherlands (comprising around 90,000 t...

This paper derives a system of equations that approximately govern small-amplitude perturbations in a nonprecipitating cloudy vortex. The cloud coverage can be partial or complete. The model is used to examine moist vortex Rossby wave dynamics analytically and computationally. One example shows that clouds can slow the growth of phase-locked counter-propagating vortex Rossby waves in the eyewal...

A model for studying Transient Inertia–Gravity And Rossby wave dynamics (TIGAR) is introduced. The presented horizontal component of the solves nonlinear rotating shallow-water equations on sphere using Hough harmonics. Spectral modelling harmonics as basis functions describes atmospheric in terms physically identifiable structures: and inertia–gravity eigensolutions linearized primitive equati...

The Ostrovsky equation is a modification of the Korteweg-de Vries equation which takes account of the effects of background rotation. It is well known that then the usual Korteweg-de Vries solitary wave decays and is replaced by radiating inertia-gravity waves. Here we show through numerical simulations that after a long-time a localized wave packet emerges as a persistent and dominant feature....

Asymptotically exact and nonlocal third order nonlinear evolution equations are derivedfor two counterpropagating surface capillary gravity wave packets in deep water in thepresence of wind flowing over water.From these evolution equations stability analysis ismade for a uniform standing surface capillary gravity wave trains for longitudinal perturbation. Instability condition is obtained and g...

We investigate the interaction of a small-amplitude internal gravity wave packet in a rotating fluid with a baroclinic shear flow. Ray equations and three-dimensional direct numerical simulations of the Boussinesq equations are solved for this purpose. The shear flow has a simple structure and depends separately on the vertical and horizontal coordinates. We focus on the situation where the int...

An efficient method of solution is developed for the Warner and McIntyre parameterization of the drag associated with nonhydrostatic non-orographic inertia–gravity waves. The scheme is sufficiently fast as to enable, for the first time, fully interactive multi-year climate simulations that include the effects of rotation and nonhydrostatic wave dynamics in the parameterization of non-orographic...